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| 1 cdef extern from "Python.h": |
| 2 ctypedef struct PyTypeObject |
| 3 ctypedef struct PyObject: |
| 4 Py_ssize_t ob_refcnt |
| 5 PyTypeObject *ob_type |
| 6 cdef PyTypeObject *Py_TYPE(object) |
| 7 |
| 8 |
| 9 ##################################################################### |
| 10 # 3. Reference Counts |
| 11 ##################################################################### |
| 12 # The macros in this section are used for managing reference counts of Pytho
n objects. |
| 13 void Py_INCREF(object o) |
| 14 # Increment the reference count for object o. The object must not |
| 15 # be NULL; if you aren't sure that it isn't NULL, use |
| 16 # Py_XINCREF(). |
| 17 |
| 18 void Py_XINCREF(PyObject* o) |
| 19 # Increment the reference count for object o. The object may be NULL, in whi
ch case the macro has no effect. |
| 20 |
| 21 void Py_DECREF(object o) |
| 22 # Decrement the reference count for object o. The object must not |
| 23 # be NULL; if you aren't sure that it isn't NULL, use |
| 24 # Py_XDECREF(). If the reference count reaches zero, the object's |
| 25 # type's deallocation function (which must not be NULL) is |
| 26 # invoked. |
| 27 |
| 28 # Warning: The deallocation function can cause arbitrary Python |
| 29 # code to be invoked (e.g. when a class instance with a __del__() |
| 30 # method is deallocated). While exceptions in such code are not |
| 31 # propagated, the executed code has free access to all Python |
| 32 # global variables. This means that any object that is reachable |
| 33 # from a global variable should be in a consistent state before |
| 34 # Py_DECREF() is invoked. For example, code to delete an object |
| 35 # from a list should copy a reference to the deleted object in a |
| 36 # temporary variable, update the list data structure, and then |
| 37 # call Py_DECREF() for the temporary variable. |
| 38 |
| 39 void Py_XDECREF(PyObject* o) |
| 40 # Decrement the reference count for object o. The object may be |
| 41 # NULL, in which case the macro has no effect; otherwise the |
| 42 # effect is the same as for Py_DECREF(), and the same warning |
| 43 # applies. |
| 44 |
| 45 void Py_CLEAR(PyObject* o) |
| 46 # Decrement the reference count for object o. The object may be |
| 47 # NULL, in which case the macro has no effect; otherwise the |
| 48 # effect is the same as for Py_DECREF(), except that the argument |
| 49 # is also set to NULL. The warning for Py_DECREF() does not apply |
| 50 # with respect to the object passed because the macro carefully |
| 51 # uses a temporary variable and sets the argument to NULL before |
| 52 # decrementing its reference count. |
| 53 # It is a good idea to use this macro whenever decrementing the |
| 54 # value of a variable that might be traversed during garbage |
| 55 # collection. |
| 56 |
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