Refactor dmprof: Split dmprof.py into modules.

tools/deep_memory_profiler/dmprof.py

 # Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium Authors. All rights reserved.
 # Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 # found in the LICENSE file.
 
-"""The deep heap profiler script for Chrome."""
+"""The Deep Memory Profiler analyzer script.
 
-import copy
-import cStringIO
-import datetime
-import json
+See http://dev.chromium.org/developers/deep-memory-profiler for details.
+"""
+
 import logging
-import optparse
-import os
-import re
-import struct
-import subprocess
 import sys
-import tempfile
-import time
-import zipfile
 
-try:
-  from collections import OrderedDict  # pylint: disable=E0611
-except ImportError:
-  # TODO(dmikurube): Remove this once Python 2.7 is required.
-  BASE_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
-  SIMPLEJSON_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, os.pardir, os.pardir, 'third_party')
-  sys.path.insert(0, SIMPLEJSON_PATH)
-  from simplejson import OrderedDict
+from lib.exceptions import ParsingException
+import subcommands
 
-from range_dict import ExclusiveRangeDict
-
-BASE_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
-FIND_RUNTIME_SYMBOLS_PATH = os.path.join(
-    BASE_PATH, os.pardir, 'find_runtime_symbols')
-sys.path.append(FIND_RUNTIME_SYMBOLS_PATH)
-
-import find_runtime_symbols
-import prepare_symbol_info
-import proc_maps
-
-from find_runtime_symbols import FUNCTION_SYMBOLS
-from find_runtime_symbols import SOURCEFILE_SYMBOLS
-from find_runtime_symbols import TYPEINFO_SYMBOLS
-
-BUCKET_ID = 5
-VIRTUAL = 0
-COMMITTED = 1
-ALLOC_COUNT = 2
-FREE_COUNT = 3
-NULL_REGEX = re.compile('')
 
 LOGGER = logging.getLogger('dmprof')
-POLICIES_JSON_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'policies.json')
-CHROME_SRC_PATH = os.path.join(BASE_PATH, os.pardir, os.pardir)
-
-DEFAULT_SORTERS = [
-    os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'sorter.malloc-component.json'),
-    os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'sorter.malloc-type.json'),
-    os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'sorter.vm-map.json'),
-    os.path.join(BASE_PATH, 'sorter.vm-sharing.json'),
-    ]
-
-
-# Heap Profile Dump versions
-
-# DUMP_DEEP_[1-4] are obsolete.
-# DUMP_DEEP_2+ distinct mmap regions and malloc chunks.
-# DUMP_DEEP_3+ don't include allocation functions in their stack dumps.
-# DUMP_DEEP_4+ support comments with '#' and global stats "nonprofiled-*".
-# DUMP_DEEP_[1-2] should be processed by POLICY_DEEP_1.
-# DUMP_DEEP_[3-4] should be processed by POLICY_DEEP_2 or POLICY_DEEP_3.
-DUMP_DEEP_1 = 'DUMP_DEEP_1'
-DUMP_DEEP_2 = 'DUMP_DEEP_2'
-DUMP_DEEP_3 = 'DUMP_DEEP_3'
-DUMP_DEEP_4 = 'DUMP_DEEP_4'
-
-DUMP_DEEP_OBSOLETE = (DUMP_DEEP_1, DUMP_DEEP_2, DUMP_DEEP_3, DUMP_DEEP_4)
-
-# DUMP_DEEP_5 doesn't separate sections for malloc and mmap.
-# malloc and mmap are identified in bucket files.
-# DUMP_DEEP_5 should be processed by POLICY_DEEP_4.
-DUMP_DEEP_5 = 'DUMP_DEEP_5'
-
-# DUMP_DEEP_6 adds a mmap list to DUMP_DEEP_5.
-DUMP_DEEP_6 = 'DUMP_DEEP_6'
-
-# Heap Profile Policy versions
-
-# POLICY_DEEP_1 DOES NOT include allocation_type columns.
-# mmap regions are distincted w/ mmap frames in the pattern column.
-POLICY_DEEP_1 = 'POLICY_DEEP_1'
-
-# POLICY_DEEP_2 DOES include allocation_type columns.
-# mmap regions are distincted w/ the allocation_type column.
-POLICY_DEEP_2 = 'POLICY_DEEP_2'
-
-# POLICY_DEEP_3 is in JSON format.
-POLICY_DEEP_3 = 'POLICY_DEEP_3'
-
-# POLICY_DEEP_3 contains typeinfo.
-POLICY_DEEP_4 = 'POLICY_DEEP_4'
-
-
-class EmptyDumpException(Exception):
-  def __init__(self, value=''):
-    super(EmptyDumpException, self).__init__()
-    self.value = value
-  def __str__(self):
-    return repr(self.value)
-
-
-class ParsingException(Exception):
-  def __init__(self, value=''):
-    super(ParsingException, self).__init__()
-    self.value = value
-  def __str__(self):
-    return repr(self.value)
-
-
-class InvalidDumpException(ParsingException):
-  def __init__(self, value):
-    super(InvalidDumpException, self).__init__()
-    self.value = value
-  def __str__(self):
-    return "invalid heap profile dump: %s" % repr(self.value)
-
-
-class ObsoleteDumpVersionException(ParsingException):
-  def __init__(self, value):
-    super(ObsoleteDumpVersionException, self).__init__()
-    self.value = value
-  def __str__(self):
-    return "obsolete heap profile dump version: %s" % repr(self.value)
-
-
-class ListAttribute(ExclusiveRangeDict.RangeAttribute):
-  """Represents a list for an attribute in range_dict.ExclusiveRangeDict."""
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(ListAttribute, self).__init__()
-    self._list = []
-
-  def __str__(self):
-    return str(self._list)
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    return 'ListAttribute' + str(self._list)
-
-  def __len__(self):
-    return len(self._list)
-
-  def __iter__(self):
-    for x in self._list:
-      yield x
-
-  def __getitem__(self, index):
-    return self._list[index]
-
-  def __setitem__(self, index, value):
-    if index >= len(self._list):
-      self._list.extend([None] * (index + 1 - len(self._list)))
-    self._list[index] = value
-
-  def copy(self):
-    new_list = ListAttribute()
-    for index, item in enumerate(self._list):
-      new_list[index] = copy.deepcopy(item)
-    return new_list
-
-
-class ProcMapsEntryAttribute(ExclusiveRangeDict.RangeAttribute):
-  """Represents an entry of /proc/maps in range_dict.ExclusiveRangeDict."""
-  _DUMMY_ENTRY = proc_maps.ProcMapsEntry(
-      0,     # begin
-      0,     # end
-      '-',   # readable
-      '-',   # writable
-      '-',   # executable
-      '-',   # private
-      0,     # offset
-      '00',  # major
-      '00',  # minor
-      0,     # inode
-      ''     # name
-      )
-
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(ProcMapsEntryAttribute, self).__init__()
-    self._entry = self._DUMMY_ENTRY.as_dict()
-
-  def __str__(self):
-    return str(self._entry)
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    return 'ProcMapsEntryAttribute' + str(self._entry)
-
-  def __getitem__(self, key):
-    return self._entry[key]
-
-  def __setitem__(self, key, value):
-    if key not in self._entry:
-      raise KeyError(key)
-    self._entry[key] = value
-
-  def copy(self):
-    new_entry = ProcMapsEntryAttribute()
-    for key, value in self._entry.iteritems():
-      new_entry[key] = copy.deepcopy(value)
-    return new_entry
-
-
-def skip_while(index, max_index, skipping_condition):
-  """Increments |index| until |skipping_condition|(|index|) is False.
-
-  Returns:
-      A pair of an integer indicating a line number after skipped, and a
-      boolean value which is True if found a line which skipping_condition
-      is False for.
-  """
-  while skipping_condition(index):
-    index += 1
-    if index >= max_index:
-      return index, False
-  return index, True
-
-
-class SymbolDataSources(object):
-  """Manages symbol data sources in a process.
-
-  The symbol data sources consist of maps (/proc/<pid>/maps), nm, readelf and
-  so on.  They are collected into a directory '|prefix|.symmap' from the binary
-  files by 'prepare()' with tools/find_runtime_symbols/prepare_symbol_info.py.
-
-  Binaries are not mandatory to profile.  The prepared data sources work in
-  place of the binary even if the binary has been overwritten with another
-  binary.
-
-  Note that loading the symbol data sources takes a long time.  They are often
-  very big.  So, the 'dmprof' profiler is designed to use 'SymbolMappingCache'
-  which caches actually used symbols.
-  """
-  def __init__(self, prefix, alternative_dirs=None):
-    self._prefix = prefix
-    self._prepared_symbol_data_sources_path = None
-    self._loaded_symbol_data_sources = None
-    self._alternative_dirs = alternative_dirs or {}
-
-  def prepare(self):
-    """Prepares symbol data sources by extracting mapping from a binary.
-
-    The prepared symbol data sources are stored in a directory.  The directory
-    name is stored in |self._prepared_symbol_data_sources_path|.
-
-    Returns:
-        True if succeeded.
-    """
-    LOGGER.info('Preparing symbol mapping...')
-    self._prepared_symbol_data_sources_path, used_tempdir = (
-        prepare_symbol_info.prepare_symbol_info(
-            self._prefix + '.maps',
-            output_dir_path=self._prefix + '.symmap',
-            alternative_dirs=self._alternative_dirs,
-            use_tempdir=True,
-            use_source_file_name=True))
-    if self._prepared_symbol_data_sources_path:
-      LOGGER.info('  Prepared symbol mapping.')
-      if used_tempdir:
-        LOGGER.warn('  Using a temporary directory for symbol mapping.')
-        LOGGER.warn('  Delete it by yourself.')
-        LOGGER.warn('  Or, move the directory by yourself to use it later.')
-      return True
-    else:
-      LOGGER.warn('  Failed to prepare symbol mapping.')
-      return False
-
-  def get(self):
-    """Returns the prepared symbol data sources.
-
-    Returns:
-        The prepared symbol data sources.  None if failed.
-    """
-    if not self._prepared_symbol_data_sources_path and not self.prepare():
-      return None
-    if not self._loaded_symbol_data_sources:
-      LOGGER.info('Loading symbol mapping...')
-      self._loaded_symbol_data_sources = (
-          find_runtime_symbols.RuntimeSymbolsInProcess.load(
-              self._prepared_symbol_data_sources_path))
-    return self._loaded_symbol_data_sources
-
-  def path(self):
-    """Returns the path of the prepared symbol data sources if possible."""
-    if not self._prepared_symbol_data_sources_path and not self.prepare():
-      return None
-    return self._prepared_symbol_data_sources_path
-
-
-class SymbolFinder(object):
-  """Finds corresponding symbols from addresses.
-
-  This class does only 'find()' symbols from a specified |address_list|.
-  It is introduced to make a finder mockable.
-  """
-  def __init__(self, symbol_type, symbol_data_sources):
-    self._symbol_type = symbol_type
-    self._symbol_data_sources = symbol_data_sources
-
-  def find(self, address_list):
-    return find_runtime_symbols.find_runtime_symbols(
-        self._symbol_type, self._symbol_data_sources.get(), address_list)
-
-
-class SymbolMappingCache(object):
-  """Caches mapping from actually used addresses to symbols.
-
-  'update()' updates the cache from the original symbol data sources via
-  'SymbolFinder'.  Symbols can be looked up by the method 'lookup()'.
-  """
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._symbol_mapping_caches = {
-        FUNCTION_SYMBOLS: {},
-        SOURCEFILE_SYMBOLS: {},
-        TYPEINFO_SYMBOLS: {},
-        }
-
-  def update(self, symbol_type, bucket_set, symbol_finder, cache_f):
-    """Updates symbol mapping cache on memory and in a symbol cache file.
-
-    It reads cached symbol mapping from a symbol cache file |cache_f| if it
-    exists.  Unresolved addresses are then resolved and added to the cache
-    both on memory and in the symbol cache file with using 'SymbolFinder'.
-
-    A cache file is formatted as follows:
-      <Address> <Symbol>
-      <Address> <Symbol>
-      <Address> <Symbol>
-      ...
-
-    Args:
-        symbol_type: A type of symbols to update.  It should be one of
-            FUNCTION_SYMBOLS, SOURCEFILE_SYMBOLS and TYPEINFO_SYMBOLS.
-        bucket_set: A BucketSet object.
-        symbol_finder: A SymbolFinder object to find symbols.
-        cache_f: A readable and writable IO object of the symbol cache file.
-    """
-    cache_f.seek(0, os.SEEK_SET)
-    self._load(cache_f, symbol_type)
-
-    unresolved_addresses = sorted(
-        address for address in bucket_set.iter_addresses(symbol_type)
-        if address not in self._symbol_mapping_caches[symbol_type])
-
-    if not unresolved_addresses:
-      LOGGER.info('No need to resolve any more addresses.')
-      return
-
-    cache_f.seek(0, os.SEEK_END)
-    LOGGER.info('Loading %d unresolved addresses.' %
-                len(unresolved_addresses))
-    symbol_dict = symbol_finder.find(unresolved_addresses)
-
-    for address, symbol in symbol_dict.iteritems():
-      stripped_symbol = symbol.strip() or '?'
-      self._symbol_mapping_caches[symbol_type][address] = stripped_symbol
-      cache_f.write('%x %s\n' % (address, stripped_symbol))
-
-  def lookup(self, symbol_type, address):
-    """Looks up a symbol for a given |address|.
-
-    Args:
-        symbol_type: A type of symbols to update.  It should be one of
-            FUNCTION_SYMBOLS, SOURCEFILE_SYMBOLS and TYPEINFO_SYMBOLS.
-        address: An integer that represents an address.
-
-    Returns:
-        A string that represents a symbol.
-    """
-    return self._symbol_mapping_caches[symbol_type].get(address)
-
-  def _load(self, cache_f, symbol_type):
-    try:
-      for line in cache_f:
-        items = line.rstrip().split(None, 1)
-        if len(items) == 1:
-          items.append('??')
-        self._symbol_mapping_caches[symbol_type][int(items[0], 16)] = items[1]
-      LOGGER.info('Loaded %d entries from symbol cache.' %
-                     len(self._symbol_mapping_caches[symbol_type]))
-    except IOError as e:
-      LOGGER.info('The symbol cache file is invalid: %s' % e)
-
-
-class Rule(object):
-  """Represents one matching rule in a policy file."""
-
-  def __init__(self,
-               name,
-               allocator_type,
-               stackfunction_pattern=None,
-               stacksourcefile_pattern=None,
-               typeinfo_pattern=None,
-               mappedpathname_pattern=None,
-               mappedpermission_pattern=None,
-               sharedwith=None):
-    self._name = name
-    self._allocator_type = allocator_type
-
-    self._stackfunction_pattern = None
-    if stackfunction_pattern:
-      self._stackfunction_pattern = re.compile(
-          stackfunction_pattern + r'\Z')
-
-    self._stacksourcefile_pattern = None
-    if stacksourcefile_pattern:
-      self._stacksourcefile_pattern = re.compile(
-          stacksourcefile_pattern + r'\Z')
-
-    self._typeinfo_pattern = None
-    if typeinfo_pattern:
-      self._typeinfo_pattern = re.compile(typeinfo_pattern + r'\Z')
-
-    self._mappedpathname_pattern = None
-    if mappedpathname_pattern:
-      self._mappedpathname_pattern = re.compile(mappedpathname_pattern + r'\Z')
-
-    self._mappedpermission_pattern = None
-    if mappedpermission_pattern:
-      self._mappedpermission_pattern = re.compile(
-          mappedpermission_pattern + r'\Z')
-
-    self._sharedwith = []
-    if sharedwith:
-      self._sharedwith = sharedwith
-
-  @property
-  def name(self):
-    return self._name
-
-  @property
-  def allocator_type(self):
-    return self._allocator_type
-
-  @property
-  def stackfunction_pattern(self):
-    return self._stackfunction_pattern
-
-  @property
-  def stacksourcefile_pattern(self):
-    return self._stacksourcefile_pattern
-
-  @property
-  def typeinfo_pattern(self):
-    return self._typeinfo_pattern
-
-  @property
-  def mappedpathname_pattern(self):
-    return self._mappedpathname_pattern
-
-  @property
-  def mappedpermission_pattern(self):
-    return self._mappedpermission_pattern
-
-  @property
-  def sharedwith(self):
-    return self._sharedwith
-
-
-class Policy(object):
-  """Represents a policy, a content of a policy file."""
-
-  def __init__(self, rules, version, components):
-    self._rules = rules
-    self._version = version
-    self._components = components
-
-  @property
-  def rules(self):
-    return self._rules
-
-  @property
-  def version(self):
-    return self._version
-
-  @property
-  def components(self):
-    return self._components
-
-  def find_rule(self, component_name):
-    """Finds a rule whose name is |component_name|. """
-    for rule in self._rules:
-      if rule.name == component_name:
-        return rule
-    return None
-
-  def find_malloc(self, bucket):
-    """Finds a matching component name which a given |bucket| belongs to.
-
-    Args:
-        bucket: A Bucket object to be searched for.
-
-    Returns:
-        A string representing a component name.
-    """
-    assert not bucket or bucket.allocator_type == 'malloc'
-
-    if not bucket:
-      return 'no-bucket'
-    if bucket.component_cache:
-      return bucket.component_cache
-
-    stackfunction = bucket.symbolized_joined_stackfunction
-    stacksourcefile = bucket.symbolized_joined_stacksourcefile
-    typeinfo = bucket.symbolized_typeinfo
-    if typeinfo.startswith('0x'):
-      typeinfo = bucket.typeinfo_name
-
-    for rule in self._rules:
-      if (rule.allocator_type == 'malloc' and
-          (not rule.stackfunction_pattern or
-           rule.stackfunction_pattern.match(stackfunction)) and
-          (not rule.stacksourcefile_pattern or
-           rule.stacksourcefile_pattern.match(stacksourcefile)) and
-          (not rule.typeinfo_pattern or rule.typeinfo_pattern.match(typeinfo))):
-        bucket.component_cache = rule.name
-        return rule.name
-
-    assert False
-
-  def find_mmap(self, region, bucket_set,
-                pageframe=None, group_pfn_counts=None):
-    """Finds a matching component which a given mmap |region| belongs to.
-
-    It uses |bucket_set| to match with backtraces.  If |pageframe| is given,
-    it considers memory sharing among processes.
-
-    NOTE: Don't use Bucket's |component_cache| for mmap regions because they're
-    classified not only with bucket information (mappedpathname for example).
-
-    Args:
-        region: A tuple representing a memory region.
-        bucket_set: A BucketSet object to look up backtraces.
-        pageframe: A PageFrame object representing a pageframe maybe including
-            a pagecount.
-        group_pfn_counts: A dict mapping a PFN to the number of times the
-            the pageframe is mapped by the known "group (Chrome)" processes.
-
-    Returns:
-        A string representing a component name.
-    """
-    assert region[0] == 'hooked'
-    bucket = bucket_set.get(region[1]['bucket_id'])
-    assert not bucket or bucket.allocator_type == 'mmap'
-
-    if not bucket:
-      return 'no-bucket', None
-
-    stackfunction = bucket.symbolized_joined_stackfunction
-    stacksourcefile = bucket.symbolized_joined_stacksourcefile
-    sharedwith = self._categorize_pageframe(pageframe, group_pfn_counts)
-
-    for rule in self._rules:
-      if (rule.allocator_type == 'mmap' and
-          (not rule.stackfunction_pattern or
-           rule.stackfunction_pattern.match(stackfunction)) and
-          (not rule.stacksourcefile_pattern or
-           rule.stacksourcefile_pattern.match(stacksourcefile)) and
-          (not rule.mappedpathname_pattern or
-           rule.mappedpathname_pattern.match(region[1]['vma']['name'])) and
-          (not rule.mappedpermission_pattern or
-           rule.mappedpermission_pattern.match(
-               region[1]['vma']['readable'] +
-               region[1]['vma']['writable'] +
-               region[1]['vma']['executable'] +
-               region[1]['vma']['private'])) and
-          (not rule.sharedwith or
-           not pageframe or sharedwith in rule.sharedwith)):
-        return rule.name, bucket
-
-    assert False
-
-  def find_unhooked(self, region, pageframe=None, group_pfn_counts=None):
-    """Finds a matching component which a given unhooked |region| belongs to.
-
-    If |pageframe| is given, it considers memory sharing among processes.
-
-    Args:
-        region: A tuple representing a memory region.
-        pageframe: A PageFrame object representing a pageframe maybe including
-            a pagecount.
-        group_pfn_counts: A dict mapping a PFN to the number of times the
-            the pageframe is mapped by the known "group (Chrome)" processes.
-
-    Returns:
-        A string representing a component name.
-    """
-    assert region[0] == 'unhooked'
-    sharedwith = self._categorize_pageframe(pageframe, group_pfn_counts)
-
-    for rule in self._rules:
-      if (rule.allocator_type == 'unhooked' and
-          (not rule.mappedpathname_pattern or
-           rule.mappedpathname_pattern.match(region[1]['vma']['name'])) and
-          (not rule.mappedpermission_pattern or
-           rule.mappedpermission_pattern.match(
-               region[1]['vma']['readable'] +
-               region[1]['vma']['writable'] +
-               region[1]['vma']['executable'] +
-               region[1]['vma']['private'])) and
-          (not rule.sharedwith or
-           not pageframe or sharedwith in rule.sharedwith)):
-        return rule.name
-
-    assert False
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def load(filename, filetype):
-    """Loads a policy file of |filename| in a |format|.
-
-    Args:
-        filename: A filename to be loaded.
-        filetype: A string to specify a type of the file.  Only 'json' is
-            supported for now.
-
-    Returns:
-        A loaded Policy object.
-    """
-    with open(os.path.join(BASE_PATH, filename)) as policy_f:
-      return Policy.parse(policy_f, filetype)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def parse(policy_f, filetype):
-    """Parses a policy file content in a |format|.
-
-    Args:
-        policy_f: An IO object to be loaded.
-        filetype: A string to specify a type of the file.  Only 'json' is
-            supported for now.
-
-    Returns:
-        A loaded Policy object.
-    """
-    if filetype == 'json':
-      return Policy._parse_json(policy_f)
-    else:
-      return None
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _parse_json(policy_f):
-    """Parses policy file in json format.
-
-    A policy file contains component's names and their stacktrace pattern
-    written in regular expression.  Those patterns are matched against each
-    symbols of each stacktraces in the order written in the policy file
-
-    Args:
-         policy_f: A File/IO object to read.
-
-    Returns:
-         A loaded policy object.
-    """
-    policy = json.load(policy_f)
-
-    rules = []
-    for rule in policy['rules']:
-      stackfunction = rule.get('stackfunction') or rule.get('stacktrace')
-      stacksourcefile = rule.get('stacksourcefile')
-      rules.append(Rule(
-          rule['name'],
-          rule['allocator'],  # allocator_type
-          stackfunction,
-          stacksourcefile,
-          rule['typeinfo'] if 'typeinfo' in rule else None,
-          rule.get('mappedpathname'),
-          rule.get('mappedpermission'),
-          rule.get('sharedwith')))
-
-    return Policy(rules, policy['version'], policy['components'])
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _categorize_pageframe(pageframe, group_pfn_counts):
-    """Categorizes a pageframe based on its sharing status.
-
-    Returns:
-        'private' if |pageframe| is not shared with other processes.  'group'
-        if |pageframe| is shared only with group (Chrome-related) processes.
-        'others' if |pageframe| is shared with non-group processes.
-    """
-    if not pageframe:
-      return 'private'
-
-    if pageframe.pagecount:
-      if pageframe.pagecount == 1:
-        return 'private'
-      elif pageframe.pagecount <= group_pfn_counts.get(pageframe.pfn, 0) + 1:
-        return 'group'
-      else:
-        return 'others'
-    else:
-      if pageframe.pfn in group_pfn_counts:
-        return 'group'
-      else:
-        return 'private'
-
-
-class PolicySet(object):
-  """Represents a set of policies."""
-
-  def __init__(self, policy_directory):
-    self._policy_directory = policy_directory
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def load(labels=None):
-    """Loads a set of policies via the "default policy directory".
-
-    The "default policy directory" contains pairs of policies and their labels.
-    For example, a policy "policy.l0.json" is labeled "l0" in the default
-    policy directory "policies.json".
-
-    All policies in the directory are loaded by default.  Policies can be
-    limited by |labels|.
-
-    Args:
-        labels: An array that contains policy labels to be loaded.
-
-    Returns:
-        A PolicySet object.
-    """
-    default_policy_directory = PolicySet._load_default_policy_directory()
-    if labels:
-      specified_policy_directory = {}
-      for label in labels:
-        if label in default_policy_directory:
-          specified_policy_directory[label] = default_policy_directory[label]
-        # TODO(dmikurube): Load an un-labeled policy file.
-      return PolicySet._load_policies(specified_policy_directory)
-    else:
-      return PolicySet._load_policies(default_policy_directory)
-
-  def __len__(self):
-    return len(self._policy_directory)
-
-  def __iter__(self):
-    for label in self._policy_directory:
-      yield label
-
-  def __getitem__(self, label):
-    return self._policy_directory[label]
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _load_default_policy_directory():
-    with open(POLICIES_JSON_PATH, mode='r') as policies_f:
-      default_policy_directory = json.load(policies_f)
-    return default_policy_directory
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _load_policies(directory):
-    LOGGER.info('Loading policy files.')
-    policies = {}
-    for label in directory:
-      LOGGER.info('  %s: %s' % (label, directory[label]['file']))
-      loaded = Policy.load(directory[label]['file'], directory[label]['format'])
-      if loaded:
-        policies[label] = loaded
-    return PolicySet(policies)
-
-
-class Bucket(object):
-  """Represents a bucket, which is a unit of memory block classification."""
-
-  def __init__(self, stacktrace, allocator_type, typeinfo, typeinfo_name):
-    self._stacktrace = stacktrace
-    self._allocator_type = allocator_type
-    self._typeinfo = typeinfo
-    self._typeinfo_name = typeinfo_name
-
-    self._symbolized_stackfunction = stacktrace
-    self._symbolized_joined_stackfunction = ''
-    self._symbolized_stacksourcefile = stacktrace
-    self._symbolized_joined_stacksourcefile = ''
-    self._symbolized_typeinfo = typeinfo_name
-
-    self.component_cache = ''
-
-  def __str__(self):
-    result = []
-    result.append(self._allocator_type)
-    if self._symbolized_typeinfo == 'no typeinfo':
-      result.append('tno_typeinfo')
-    else:
-      result.append('t' + self._symbolized_typeinfo)
-    result.append('n' + self._typeinfo_name)
-    result.extend(['%s(@%s)' % (function, sourcefile)
-                   for function, sourcefile
-                   in zip(self._symbolized_stackfunction,
-                          self._symbolized_stacksourcefile)])
-    return ' '.join(result)
-
-  def symbolize(self, symbol_mapping_cache):
-    """Makes a symbolized stacktrace and typeinfo with |symbol_mapping_cache|.
-
-    Args:
-        symbol_mapping_cache: A SymbolMappingCache object.
-    """
-    # TODO(dmikurube): Fill explicitly with numbers if symbol not found.
-    self._symbolized_stackfunction = [
-        symbol_mapping_cache.lookup(FUNCTION_SYMBOLS, address)
-        for address in self._stacktrace]
-    self._symbolized_joined_stackfunction = ' '.join(
-        self._symbolized_stackfunction)
-    self._symbolized_stacksourcefile = [
-        symbol_mapping_cache.lookup(SOURCEFILE_SYMBOLS, address)
-        for address in self._stacktrace]
-    self._symbolized_joined_stacksourcefile = ' '.join(
-        self._symbolized_stacksourcefile)
-    if not self._typeinfo:
-      self._symbolized_typeinfo = 'no typeinfo'
-    else:
-      self._symbolized_typeinfo = symbol_mapping_cache.lookup(
-          TYPEINFO_SYMBOLS, self._typeinfo)
-      if not self._symbolized_typeinfo:
-        self._symbolized_typeinfo = 'no typeinfo'
-
-  def clear_component_cache(self):
-    self.component_cache = ''
-
-  @property
-  def stacktrace(self):
-    return self._stacktrace
-
-  @property
-  def allocator_type(self):
-    return self._allocator_type
-
-  @property
-  def typeinfo(self):
-    return self._typeinfo
-
-  @property
-  def typeinfo_name(self):
-    return self._typeinfo_name
-
-  @property
-  def symbolized_stackfunction(self):
-    return self._symbolized_stackfunction
-
-  @property
-  def symbolized_joined_stackfunction(self):
-    return self._symbolized_joined_stackfunction
-
-  @property
-  def symbolized_stacksourcefile(self):
-    return self._symbolized_stacksourcefile
-
-  @property
-  def symbolized_joined_stacksourcefile(self):
-    return self._symbolized_joined_stacksourcefile
-
-  @property
-  def symbolized_typeinfo(self):
-    return self._symbolized_typeinfo
-
-
-class BucketSet(object):
-  """Represents a set of bucket."""
-  def __init__(self):
-    self._buckets = {}
-    self._code_addresses = set()
-    self._typeinfo_addresses = set()
-
-  def load(self, prefix):
-    """Loads all related bucket files.
-
-    Args:
-        prefix: A prefix string for bucket file names.
-    """
-    LOGGER.info('Loading bucket files.')
-
-    n = 0
-    skipped = 0
-    while True:
-      path = '%s.%04d.buckets' % (prefix, n)
-      if not os.path.exists(path) or not os.stat(path).st_size:
-        if skipped > 10:
-          break
-        n += 1
-        skipped += 1
-        continue
-      LOGGER.info('  %s' % path)
-      with open(path, 'r') as f:
-        self._load_file(f)
-      n += 1
-      skipped = 0
-
-  def _load_file(self, bucket_f):
-    for line in bucket_f:
-      words = line.split()
-      typeinfo = None
-      typeinfo_name = ''
-      stacktrace_begin = 2
-      for index, word in enumerate(words):
-        if index < 2:
-          continue
-        if word[0] == 't':
-          typeinfo = int(word[1:], 16)
-          self._typeinfo_addresses.add(typeinfo)
-        elif word[0] == 'n':
-          typeinfo_name = word[1:]
-        else:
-          stacktrace_begin = index
-          break
-      stacktrace = [int(address, 16) for address in words[stacktrace_begin:]]
-      for frame in stacktrace:
-        self._code_addresses.add(frame)
-      self._buckets[int(words[0])] = Bucket(
-          stacktrace, words[1], typeinfo, typeinfo_name)
-
-  def __iter__(self):
-    for bucket_id, bucket_content in self._buckets.iteritems():
-      yield bucket_id, bucket_content
-
-  def __getitem__(self, bucket_id):
-    return self._buckets[bucket_id]
-
-  def get(self, bucket_id):
-    return self._buckets.get(bucket_id)
-
-  def symbolize(self, symbol_mapping_cache):
-    for bucket_content in self._buckets.itervalues():
-      bucket_content.symbolize(symbol_mapping_cache)
-
-  def clear_component_cache(self):
-    for bucket_content in self._buckets.itervalues():
-      bucket_content.clear_component_cache()
-
-  def iter_addresses(self, symbol_type):
-    if symbol_type in [FUNCTION_SYMBOLS, SOURCEFILE_SYMBOLS]:
-      for function in self._code_addresses:
-        yield function
-    else:
-      for function in self._typeinfo_addresses:
-        yield function
-
-
-class PageFrame(object):
-  """Represents a pageframe and maybe its shared count."""
-  def __init__(self, pfn, size, pagecount, start_truncated, end_truncated):
-    self._pfn = pfn
-    self._size = size
-    self._pagecount = pagecount
-    self._start_truncated = start_truncated
-    self._end_truncated = end_truncated
-
-  def __str__(self):
-    result = str()
-    if self._start_truncated:
-      result += '<'
-    result += '%06x#%d' % (self._pfn, self._pagecount)
-    if self._end_truncated:
-      result += '>'
-    return result
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    return str(self)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def parse(encoded_pfn, size):
-    start = 0
-    end = len(encoded_pfn)
-    end_truncated = False
-    if encoded_pfn.endswith('>'):
-      end = len(encoded_pfn) - 1
-      end_truncated = True
-    pagecount_found = encoded_pfn.find('#')
-    pagecount = None
-    if pagecount_found >= 0:
-      encoded_pagecount = 'AAA' + encoded_pfn[pagecount_found+1 : end]
-      pagecount = struct.unpack(
-          '>I', '\x00' + encoded_pagecount.decode('base64'))[0]
-      end = pagecount_found
-    start_truncated = False
-    if encoded_pfn.startswith('<'):
-      start = 1
-      start_truncated = True
-
-    pfn = struct.unpack(
-        '>I', '\x00' + (encoded_pfn[start:end]).decode('base64'))[0]
-
-    return PageFrame(pfn, size, pagecount, start_truncated, end_truncated)
-
-  @property
-  def pfn(self):
-    return self._pfn
-
-  @property
-  def size(self):
-    return self._size
-
-  def set_size(self, size):
-    self._size = size
-
-  @property
-  def pagecount(self):
-    return self._pagecount
-
-  @property
-  def start_truncated(self):
-    return self._start_truncated
-
-  @property
-  def end_truncated(self):
-    return self._end_truncated
-
-
-class PFNCounts(object):
-  """Represents counts of PFNs in a process."""
-
-  _PATH_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^(.*)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.heap$')
-
-  def __init__(self, path, modified_time):
-    matched = self._PATH_PATTERN.match(path)
-    if matched:
-      self._pid = int(matched.group(2))
-    else:
-      self._pid = 0
-    self._command_line = ''
-    self._pagesize = 4096
-    self._path = path
-    self._pfn_meta = ''
-    self._pfnset = {}
-    self._reason = ''
-    self._time = modified_time
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def load(path, log_header='Loading PFNs from a heap profile dump: '):
-    pfnset = PFNCounts(path, float(os.stat(path).st_mtime))
-    LOGGER.info('%s%s' % (log_header, path))
-
-    with open(path, 'r') as pfnset_f:
-      pfnset.load_file(pfnset_f)
-
-    return pfnset
-
-  @property
-  def path(self):
-    return self._path
-
-  @property
-  def pid(self):
-    return self._pid
-
-  @property
-  def time(self):
-    return self._time
-
-  @property
-  def reason(self):
-    return self._reason
-
-  @property
-  def iter_pfn(self):
-    for pfn, count in self._pfnset.iteritems():
-      yield pfn, count
-
-  def load_file(self, pfnset_f):
-    prev_pfn_end_truncated = None
-    for line in pfnset_f:
-      line = line.strip()
-      if line.startswith('GLOBAL_STATS:') or line.startswith('STACKTRACES:'):
-        break
-      elif line.startswith('PF: '):
-        for encoded_pfn in line[3:].split():
-          page_frame = PageFrame.parse(encoded_pfn, self._pagesize)
-          if page_frame.start_truncated and (
-              not prev_pfn_end_truncated or
-              prev_pfn_end_truncated != page_frame.pfn):
-            LOGGER.error('Broken page frame number: %s.' % encoded_pfn)
-          self._pfnset[page_frame.pfn] = self._pfnset.get(page_frame.pfn, 0) + 1
-          if page_frame.end_truncated:
-            prev_pfn_end_truncated = page_frame.pfn
-          else:
-            prev_pfn_end_truncated = None
-      elif line.startswith('PageSize: '):
-        self._pagesize = int(line[10:])
-      elif line.startswith('PFN: '):
-        self._pfn_meta = line[5:]
-      elif line.startswith('PageFrame: '):
-        self._pfn_meta = line[11:]
-      elif line.startswith('Time: '):
-        self._time = float(line[6:])
-      elif line.startswith('CommandLine: '):
-        self._command_line = line[13:]
-      elif line.startswith('Reason: '):
-        self._reason = line[8:]
-
-
-class Dump(object):
-  """Represents a heap profile dump."""
-
-  _PATH_PATTERN = re.compile(r'^(.*)\.([0-9]+)\.([0-9]+)\.heap$')
-
-  _HOOK_PATTERN = re.compile(
-      r'^ ([ \(])([a-f0-9]+)([ \)])-([ \(])([a-f0-9]+)([ \)])\s+'
-      r'(hooked|unhooked)\s+(.+)$', re.IGNORECASE)
-
-  _HOOKED_PATTERN = re.compile(r'(?P<TYPE>.+ )?(?P<COMMITTED>[0-9]+) / '
-                               '(?P<RESERVED>[0-9]+) @ (?P<BUCKETID>[0-9]+)')
-  _UNHOOKED_PATTERN = re.compile(r'(?P<TYPE>.+ )?(?P<COMMITTED>[0-9]+) / '
-                                 '(?P<RESERVED>[0-9]+)')
-
-  _OLD_HOOKED_PATTERN = re.compile(r'(?P<TYPE>.+) @ (?P<BUCKETID>[0-9]+)')
-  _OLD_UNHOOKED_PATTERN = re.compile(r'(?P<TYPE>.+) (?P<COMMITTED>[0-9]+)')
-
-  _TIME_PATTERN_FORMAT = re.compile(
-      r'^Time: ([0-9]+/[0-9]+/[0-9]+ [0-9]+:[0-9]+:[0-9]+)(\.[0-9]+)?')
-  _TIME_PATTERN_SECONDS = re.compile(r'^Time: ([0-9]+)$')
-
-  def __init__(self, path, modified_time):
-    self._path = path
-    matched = self._PATH_PATTERN.match(path)
-    self._pid = int(matched.group(2))
-    self._count = int(matched.group(3))
-    self._time = modified_time
-    self._map = {}
-    self._procmaps = ExclusiveRangeDict(ProcMapsEntryAttribute)
-    self._stacktrace_lines = []
-    self._global_stats = {} # used only in apply_policy
-
-    self._run_id = ''
-    self._pagesize = 4096
-    self._pageframe_length = 0
-    self._pageframe_encoding = ''
-    self._has_pagecount = False
-
-    self._version = ''
-    self._lines = []
-
-  @property
-  def path(self):
-    return self._path
-
-  @property
-  def count(self):
-    return self._count
-
-  @property
-  def time(self):
-    return self._time
-
-  @property
-  def iter_map(self):
-    for region in sorted(self._map.iteritems()):
-      yield region[0], region[1]
-
-  def iter_procmaps(self):
-    for begin, end, attr in self._map.iter_range():
-      yield begin, end, attr
-
-  @property
-  def iter_stacktrace(self):
-    for line in self._stacktrace_lines:
-      yield line
-
-  def global_stat(self, name):
-    return self._global_stats[name]
-
-  @property
-  def run_id(self):
-    return self._run_id
-
-  @property
-  def pagesize(self):
-    return self._pagesize
-
-  @property
-  def pageframe_length(self):
-    return self._pageframe_length
-
-  @property
-  def pageframe_encoding(self):
-    return self._pageframe_encoding
-
-  @property
-  def has_pagecount(self):
-    return self._has_pagecount
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def load(path, log_header='Loading a heap profile dump: '):
-    """Loads a heap profile dump.
-
-    Args:
-        path: A file path string to load.
-        log_header: A preceding string for log messages.
-
-    Returns:
-        A loaded Dump object.
-
-    Raises:
-        ParsingException for invalid heap profile dumps.
-    """
-    dump = Dump(path, os.stat(path).st_mtime)
-    with open(path, 'r') as f:
-      dump.load_file(f, log_header)
-    return dump
-
-  def load_file(self, f, log_header):
-    self._lines = [line for line in f
-                   if line and not line.startswith('#')]
-
-    try:
-      self._version, ln = self._parse_version()
-      self._parse_meta_information()
-      if self._version == DUMP_DEEP_6:
-        self._parse_mmap_list()
-      self._parse_global_stats()
-      self._extract_stacktrace_lines(ln)
-    except EmptyDumpException:
-      LOGGER.info('%s%s ...ignored an empty dump.' % (log_header, self._path))
-    except ParsingException, e:
-      LOGGER.error('%s%s ...error %s' % (log_header, self._path, e))
-      raise
-    else:
-      LOGGER.info('%s%s (version:%s)' % (log_header, self._path, self._version))
-
-  def _parse_version(self):
-    """Parses a version string in self._lines.
-
-    Returns:
-        A pair of (a string representing a version of the stacktrace dump,
-        and an integer indicating a line number next to the version string).
-
-    Raises:
-        ParsingException for invalid dump versions.
-    """
-    version = ''
-
-    # Skip until an identifiable line.
-    headers = ('STACKTRACES:\n', 'MMAP_STACKTRACES:\n', 'heap profile: ')
-    if not self._lines:
-      raise EmptyDumpException('Empty heap dump file.')
-    (ln, found) = skip_while(
-        0, len(self._lines),
-        lambda n: not self._lines[n].startswith(headers))
-    if not found:
-      raise InvalidDumpException('No version header.')
-
-    # Identify a version.
-    if self._lines[ln].startswith('heap profile: '):
-      version = self._lines[ln][13:].strip()
-      if version in (DUMP_DEEP_5, DUMP_DEEP_6):
-        (ln, _) = skip_while(
-            ln, len(self._lines),
-            lambda n: self._lines[n] != 'STACKTRACES:\n')
-      elif version in DUMP_DEEP_OBSOLETE:
-        raise ObsoleteDumpVersionException(version)
-      else:
-        raise InvalidDumpException('Invalid version: %s' % version)
-    elif self._lines[ln] == 'STACKTRACES:\n':
-      raise ObsoleteDumpVersionException(DUMP_DEEP_1)
-    elif self._lines[ln] == 'MMAP_STACKTRACES:\n':
-      raise ObsoleteDumpVersionException(DUMP_DEEP_2)
-
-    return (version, ln)
-
-  def _parse_global_stats(self):
-    """Parses lines in self._lines as global stats."""
-    (ln, _) = skip_while(
-        0, len(self._lines),
-        lambda n: self._lines[n] != 'GLOBAL_STATS:\n')
-
-    global_stat_names = [
-        'total', 'absent', 'file-exec', 'file-nonexec', 'anonymous', 'stack',
-        'other', 'nonprofiled-absent', 'nonprofiled-anonymous',
-        'nonprofiled-file-exec', 'nonprofiled-file-nonexec',
-        'nonprofiled-stack', 'nonprofiled-other',
-        'profiled-mmap', 'profiled-malloc']
-
-    for prefix in global_stat_names:
-      (ln, _) = skip_while(
-          ln, len(self._lines),
-          lambda n: self._lines[n].split()[0] != prefix)
-      words = self._lines[ln].split()
-      self._global_stats[prefix + '_virtual'] = int(words[-2])
-      self._global_stats[prefix + '_committed'] = int(words[-1])
-
-  def _parse_meta_information(self):
-    """Parses lines in self._lines for meta information."""
-    (ln, found) = skip_while(
-        0, len(self._lines),
-        lambda n: self._lines[n] != 'META:\n')
-    if not found:
-      return
-    ln += 1
-
-    while True:
-      if self._lines[ln].startswith('Time:'):
-        matched_seconds = self._TIME_PATTERN_SECONDS.match(self._lines[ln])
-        matched_format = self._TIME_PATTERN_FORMAT.match(self._lines[ln])
-        if matched_format:
-          self._time = time.mktime(datetime.datetime.strptime(
-              matched_format.group(1), '%Y/%m/%d %H:%M:%S').timetuple())
-          if matched_format.group(2):
-            self._time += float(matched_format.group(2)[1:]) / 1000.0
-        elif matched_seconds:
-          self._time = float(matched_seconds.group(1))
-      elif self._lines[ln].startswith('Reason:'):
-        pass  # Nothing to do for 'Reason:'
-      elif self._lines[ln].startswith('PageSize: '):
-        self._pagesize = int(self._lines[ln][10:])
-      elif self._lines[ln].startswith('CommandLine:'):
-        pass
-      elif (self._lines[ln].startswith('PageFrame: ') or
-            self._lines[ln].startswith('PFN: ')):
-        if self._lines[ln].startswith('PageFrame: '):
-          words = self._lines[ln][11:].split(',')
-        else:
-          words = self._lines[ln][5:].split(',')
-        for word in words:
-          if word == '24':
-            self._pageframe_length = 24
-          elif word == 'Base64':
-            self._pageframe_encoding = 'base64'
-          elif word == 'PageCount':
-            self._has_pagecount = True
-      elif self._lines[ln].startswith('RunID: '):
-        self._run_id = self._lines[ln][7:].strip()
-      elif (self._lines[ln].startswith('MMAP_LIST:') or
-            self._lines[ln].startswith('GLOBAL_STATS:')):
-        # Skip until "MMAP_LIST:" or "GLOBAL_STATS" is found.
-        break
-      else:
-        pass
-      ln += 1
-
-  def _parse_mmap_list(self):
-    """Parses lines in self._lines as a mmap list."""
-    (ln, found) = skip_while(
-        0, len(self._lines),
-        lambda n: self._lines[n] != 'MMAP_LIST:\n')
-    if not found:
-      return {}
-
-    ln += 1
-    self._map = {}
-    current_vma = {}
-    pageframe_list = []
-    while True:
-      entry = proc_maps.ProcMaps.parse_line(self._lines[ln])
-      if entry:
-        current_vma = {}
-        for _, _, attr in self._procmaps.iter_range(entry.begin, entry.end):
-          for key, value in entry.as_dict().iteritems():
-            attr[key] = value
-            current_vma[key] = value
-        ln += 1
-        continue
-
-      if self._lines[ln].startswith('  PF: '):
-        for pageframe in self._lines[ln][5:].split():
-          pageframe_list.append(PageFrame.parse(pageframe, self._pagesize))
-        ln += 1
-        continue
-
-      matched = self._HOOK_PATTERN.match(self._lines[ln])
-      if not matched:
-        break
-      # 2: starting address
-      # 5: end address
-      # 7: hooked or unhooked
-      # 8: additional information
-      if matched.group(7) == 'hooked':
-        submatched = self._HOOKED_PATTERN.match(matched.group(8))
-        if not submatched:
-          submatched = self._OLD_HOOKED_PATTERN.match(matched.group(8))
-      elif matched.group(7) == 'unhooked':
-        submatched = self._UNHOOKED_PATTERN.match(matched.group(8))
-        if not submatched:
-          submatched = self._OLD_UNHOOKED_PATTERN.match(matched.group(8))
-      else:
-        assert matched.group(7) in ['hooked', 'unhooked']
-
-      submatched_dict = submatched.groupdict()
-      region_info = { 'vma': current_vma }
-      if submatched_dict.get('TYPE'):
-        region_info['type'] = submatched_dict['TYPE'].strip()
-      if submatched_dict.get('COMMITTED'):
-        region_info['committed'] = int(submatched_dict['COMMITTED'])
-      if submatched_dict.get('RESERVED'):
-        region_info['reserved'] = int(submatched_dict['RESERVED'])
-      if submatched_dict.get('BUCKETID'):
-        region_info['bucket_id'] = int(submatched_dict['BUCKETID'])
-
-      if matched.group(1) == '(':
-        start = current_vma['begin']
-      else:
-        start = int(matched.group(2), 16)
-      if matched.group(4) == '(':
-        end = current_vma['end']
-      else:
-        end = int(matched.group(5), 16)
-
-      if pageframe_list and pageframe_list[0].start_truncated:
-        pageframe_list[0].set_size(
-            pageframe_list[0].size - start % self._pagesize)
-      if pageframe_list and pageframe_list[-1].end_truncated:
-        pageframe_list[-1].set_size(
-            pageframe_list[-1].size - (self._pagesize - end % self._pagesize))
-      region_info['pageframe'] = pageframe_list
-      pageframe_list = []
-
-      self._map[(start, end)] = (matched.group(7), region_info)
-      ln += 1
-
-  def _extract_stacktrace_lines(self, line_number):
-    """Extracts the position of stacktrace lines.
-
-    Valid stacktrace lines are stored into self._stacktrace_lines.
-
-    Args:
-        line_number: A line number to start parsing in lines.
-
-    Raises:
-        ParsingException for invalid dump versions.
-    """
-    if self._version in (DUMP_DEEP_5, DUMP_DEEP_6):
-      (line_number, _) = skip_while(
-          line_number, len(self._lines),
-          lambda n: not self._lines[n].split()[0].isdigit())
-      stacktrace_start = line_number
-      (line_number, _) = skip_while(
-          line_number, len(self._lines),
-          lambda n: self._check_stacktrace_line(self._lines[n]))
-      self._stacktrace_lines = self._lines[stacktrace_start:line_number]
-
-    elif self._version in DUMP_DEEP_OBSOLETE:
-      raise ObsoleteDumpVersionException(self._version)
-
-    else:
-      raise InvalidDumpException('Invalid version: %s' % self._version)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _check_stacktrace_line(stacktrace_line):
-    """Checks if a given stacktrace_line is valid as stacktrace.
-
-    Args:
-        stacktrace_line: A string to be checked.
-
-    Returns:
-        True if the given stacktrace_line is valid.
-    """
-    words = stacktrace_line.split()
-    if len(words) < BUCKET_ID + 1:
-      return False
-    if words[BUCKET_ID - 1] != '@':
-      return False
-    return True
-
-
-class DumpList(object):
-  """Represents a sequence of heap profile dumps."""
-
-  def __init__(self, dump_list):
-    self._dump_list = dump_list
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def load(path_list):
-    LOGGER.info('Loading heap dump profiles.')
-    dump_list = []
-    for path in path_list:
-      dump_list.append(Dump.load(path, '  '))
-    return DumpList(dump_list)
-
-  def __len__(self):
-    return len(self._dump_list)
-
-  def __iter__(self):
-    for dump in self._dump_list:
-      yield dump
-
-  def __getitem__(self, index):
-    return self._dump_list[index]
-
-
-class Unit(object):
-  """Represents a minimum unit of memory usage categorization.
-
-  It is supposed to be inherited for some different spaces like the entire
-  virtual memory and malloc arena. Such different spaces are called "worlds"
-  in dmprof. (For example, the "vm" world and the "malloc" world.)
-  """
-  def __init__(self, unit_id, size):
-    self._unit_id = unit_id
-    self._size = size
-
-  @property
-  def unit_id(self):
-    return self._unit_id
-
-  @property
-  def size(self):
-    return self._size
-
-
-class VMUnit(Unit):
-  """Represents a Unit for a memory region on virtual memory."""
-  def __init__(self, unit_id, committed, reserved, mmap, region,
-               pageframe=None, group_pfn_counts=None):
-    super(VMUnit, self).__init__(unit_id, committed)
-    self._reserved = reserved
-    self._mmap = mmap
-    self._region = region
-    self._pageframe = pageframe
-    self._group_pfn_counts = group_pfn_counts
-
-  @property
-  def committed(self):
-    return self._size
-
-  @property
-  def reserved(self):
-    return self._reserved
-
-  @property
-  def mmap(self):
-    return self._mmap
-
-  @property
-  def region(self):
-    return self._region
-
-  @property
-  def pageframe(self):
-    return self._pageframe
-
-  @property
-  def group_pfn_counts(self):
-    return self._group_pfn_counts
-
-
-class MMapUnit(VMUnit):
-  """Represents a Unit for a mmap'ed region."""
-  def __init__(self, unit_id, committed, reserved, region, bucket_set,
-               pageframe=None, group_pfn_counts=None):
-    super(MMapUnit, self).__init__(unit_id, committed, reserved, True,
-                                   region, pageframe, group_pfn_counts)
-    self._bucket_set = bucket_set
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    return str(self.region)
-
-  @property
-  def bucket_set(self):
-    return self._bucket_set
-
-
-class UnhookedUnit(VMUnit):
-  """Represents a Unit for a non-mmap'ed memory region on virtual memory."""
-  def __init__(self, unit_id, committed, reserved, region,
-               pageframe=None, group_pfn_counts=None):
-    super(UnhookedUnit, self).__init__(unit_id, committed, reserved, False,
-                                       region, pageframe, group_pfn_counts)
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    return str(self.region)
-
-
-class MallocUnit(Unit):
-  """Represents a Unit for a malloc'ed memory block."""
-  def __init__(self, unit_id, size, alloc_count, free_count, bucket):
-    super(MallocUnit, self).__init__(unit_id, size)
-    self._bucket = bucket
-    self._alloc_count = alloc_count
-    self._free_count = free_count
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    return str(self.bucket)
-
-  @property
-  def bucket(self):
-    return self._bucket
-
-  @property
-  def alloc_count(self):
-    return self._alloc_count
-
-  @property
-  def free_count(self):
-    return self._free_count
-
-
-class UnitSet(object):
-  """Represents an iterable set of Units."""
-  def __init__(self, world):
-    self._units = {}
-    self._world = world
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    return str(self._units)
-
-  def __iter__(self):
-    for unit_id in sorted(self._units):
-      yield self._units[unit_id]
-
-  def append(self, unit, overwrite=False):
-    if not overwrite and unit.unit_id in self._units:
-      LOGGER.error('The unit id=%s already exists.' % str(unit.unit_id))
-    self._units[unit.unit_id] = unit
-
-
-class AbstractRule(object):
-  """An abstract class for rules to be matched with units."""
-  def __init__(self, dct):
-    self._name = dct['name']
-    self._hidden = dct.get('hidden', False)
-    self._subworlds = dct.get('subworlds', [])
-
-  def match(self, unit):
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  @property
-  def name(self):
-    return self._name
-
-  @property
-  def hidden(self):
-    return self._hidden
-
-  def iter_subworld(self):
-    for subworld in self._subworlds:
-      yield subworld
-
-
-class VMRule(AbstractRule):
-  """Represents a Rule to match with virtual memory regions."""
-  def __init__(self, dct):
-    super(VMRule, self).__init__(dct)
-    self._backtrace_function = dct.get('backtrace_function', None)
-    if self._backtrace_function:
-      self._backtrace_function = re.compile(self._backtrace_function)
-    self._backtrace_sourcefile = dct.get('backtrace_sourcefile', None)
-    if self._backtrace_sourcefile:
-      self._backtrace_sourcefile = re.compile(self._backtrace_sourcefile)
-    self._mmap = dct.get('mmap', None)
-    self._sharedwith = dct.get('sharedwith', [])
-    self._mapped_pathname = dct.get('mapped_pathname', None)
-    if self._mapped_pathname:
-      self._mapped_pathname = re.compile(self._mapped_pathname)
-    self._mapped_permission = dct.get('mapped_permission', None)
-    if self._mapped_permission:
-      self._mapped_permission = re.compile(self._mapped_permission)
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    result = cStringIO.StringIO()
-    result.write('{"%s"=>' % self._name)
-    attributes = []
-    attributes.append('mmap: %s' % self._mmap)
-    if self._backtrace_function:
-      attributes.append('backtrace_function: "%s"' %
-                        self._backtrace_function.pattern)
-    if self._sharedwith:
-      attributes.append('sharedwith: "%s"' % self._sharedwith)
-    if self._mapped_pathname:
-      attributes.append('mapped_pathname: "%s"' % self._mapped_pathname.pattern)
-    if self._mapped_permission:
-      attributes.append('mapped_permission: "%s"' %
-                        self._mapped_permission.pattern)
-    result.write('%s}' % ', '.join(attributes))
-    return result.getvalue()
-
-  def match(self, unit):
-    if unit.mmap:
-      assert unit.region[0] == 'hooked'
-      bucket = unit.bucket_set.get(unit.region[1]['bucket_id'])
-      assert bucket
-      assert bucket.allocator_type == 'mmap'
-
-      stackfunction = bucket.symbolized_joined_stackfunction
-      stacksourcefile = bucket.symbolized_joined_stacksourcefile
-
-      # TODO(dmikurube): Support shared memory.
-      sharedwith = None
-
-      if self._mmap == False: # (self._mmap == None) should go through.
-        return False
-      if (self._backtrace_function and
-          not self._backtrace_function.match(stackfunction)):
-        return False
-      if (self._backtrace_sourcefile and
-          not self._backtrace_sourcefile.match(stacksourcefile)):
-        return False
-      if (self._mapped_pathname and
-          not self._mapped_pathname.match(unit.region[1]['vma']['name'])):
-        return False
-      if (self._mapped_permission and
-          not self._mapped_permission.match(
-              unit.region[1]['vma']['readable'] +
-              unit.region[1]['vma']['writable'] +
-              unit.region[1]['vma']['executable'] +
-              unit.region[1]['vma']['private'])):
-        return False
-      if (self._sharedwith and
-          unit.pageframe and sharedwith not in self._sharedwith):
-        return False
-
-      return True
-
-    else:
-      assert unit.region[0] == 'unhooked'
-
-      # TODO(dmikurube): Support shared memory.
-      sharedwith = None
-
-      if self._mmap == True: # (self._mmap == None) should go through.
-        return False
-      if (self._mapped_pathname and
-          not self._mapped_pathname.match(unit.region[1]['vma']['name'])):
-        return False
-      if (self._mapped_permission and
-          not self._mapped_permission.match(
-              unit.region[1]['vma']['readable'] +
-              unit.region[1]['vma']['writable'] +
-              unit.region[1]['vma']['executable'] +
-              unit.region[1]['vma']['private'])):
-        return False
-      if (self._sharedwith and
-          unit.pageframe and sharedwith not in self._sharedwith):
-        return False
-
-      return True
-
-
-class MallocRule(AbstractRule):
-  """Represents a Rule to match with malloc'ed blocks."""
-  def __init__(self, dct):
-    super(MallocRule, self).__init__(dct)
-    self._backtrace_function = dct.get('backtrace_function', None)
-    if self._backtrace_function:
-      self._backtrace_function = re.compile(self._backtrace_function)
-    self._backtrace_sourcefile = dct.get('backtrace_sourcefile', None)
-    if self._backtrace_sourcefile:
-      self._backtrace_sourcefile = re.compile(self._backtrace_sourcefile)
-    self._typeinfo = dct.get('typeinfo', None)
-    if self._typeinfo:
-      self._typeinfo = re.compile(self._typeinfo)
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    result = cStringIO.StringIO()
-    result.write('{"%s"=>' % self._name)
-    attributes = []
-    if self._backtrace_function:
-      attributes.append('backtrace_function: "%s"' % self._backtrace_function)
-    if self._typeinfo:
-      attributes.append('typeinfo: "%s"' % self._typeinfo)
-    result.write('%s}' % ', '.join(attributes))
-    return result.getvalue()
-
-  def match(self, unit):
-    assert unit.bucket.allocator_type == 'malloc'
-
-    stackfunction = unit.bucket.symbolized_joined_stackfunction
-    stacksourcefile = unit.bucket.symbolized_joined_stacksourcefile
-    typeinfo = unit.bucket.symbolized_typeinfo
-    if typeinfo.startswith('0x'):
-      typeinfo = unit.bucket.typeinfo_name
-
-    return ((not self._backtrace_function or
-             self._backtrace_function.match(stackfunction)) and
-            (not self._backtrace_sourcefile or
-             self._backtrace_sourcefile.match(stacksourcefile)) and
-            (not self._typeinfo or self._typeinfo.match(typeinfo)))
-
-
-class NoBucketMallocRule(MallocRule):
-  """Represents a Rule that small ignorable units match with."""
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(NoBucketMallocRule, self).__init__({'name': 'tc-no-bucket'})
-    self._no_bucket = True
-
-  @property
-  def no_bucket(self):
-    return self._no_bucket
-
-
-class AbstractSorter(object):
-  """An abstract class for classifying Units with a set of Rules."""
-  def __init__(self, dct):
-    self._type = 'sorter'
-    self._version = dct['version']
-    self._world = dct['world']
-    self._name = dct['name']
-    self._order = dct['order']
-
-    self._rules = []
-    for rule in dct['rules']:
-      if dct['world'] == 'vm':
-        self._rules.append(VMRule(rule))
-      elif dct['world'] == 'malloc':
-        self._rules.append(MallocRule(rule))
-      else:
-        LOGGER.error('Unknown sorter world type')
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    result = cStringIO.StringIO()
-    result.write('world=%s' % self._world)
-    result.write('order=%s' % self._order)
-    result.write('rules:')
-    for rule in self._rules:
-      result.write('  %s' % rule)
-    return result.getvalue()
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def load(filename):
-    with open(filename) as sorter_f:
-      sorter_dict = json.load(sorter_f)
-    if sorter_dict['world'] == 'vm':
-      return VMSorter(sorter_dict)
-    elif sorter_dict['world'] == 'malloc':
-      return MallocSorter(sorter_dict)
-    else:
-      LOGGER.error('Unknown sorter world type')
-      return None
-
-  @property
-  def world(self):
-    return self._world
-
-  @property
-  def name(self):
-    return self._name
-
-  def find(self, unit):
-    raise NotImplementedError()
-
-  def find_rule(self, name):
-    """Finds a rule whose name is |name|. """
-    for rule in self._rules:
-      if rule.name == name:
-        return rule
-    return None
-
-
-class VMSorter(AbstractSorter):
-  """Represents a Sorter for memory regions on virtual memory."""
-  def __init__(self, dct):
-    assert dct['world'] == 'vm'
-    super(VMSorter, self).__init__(dct)
-
-  def find(self, unit):
-    for rule in self._rules:
-      if rule.match(unit):
-        return rule
-    assert False
-
-
-class MallocSorter(AbstractSorter):
-  """Represents a Sorter for malloc'ed blocks."""
-  def __init__(self, dct):
-    assert dct['world'] == 'malloc'
-    super(MallocSorter, self).__init__(dct)
-    self._no_bucket_rule = NoBucketMallocRule()
-
-  def find(self, unit):
-    if not unit.bucket:
-      return self._no_bucket_rule
-    assert unit.bucket.allocator_type == 'malloc'
-
-    if unit.bucket.component_cache:
-      return unit.bucket.component_cache
-
-    for rule in self._rules:
-      if rule.match(unit):
-        unit.bucket.component_cache = rule
-        return rule
-    assert False
-
-
-class SorterSet(object):
-  """Represents an iterable set of Sorters."""
-  def __init__(self, additional=None, default=None):
-    if not additional:
-      additional = []
-    if not default:
-      default = DEFAULT_SORTERS
-    self._sorters = {}
-    for filename in default + additional:
-      sorter = AbstractSorter.load(filename)
-      if sorter.world not in self._sorters:
-        self._sorters[sorter.world] = []
-      self._sorters[sorter.world].append(sorter)
-
-  def __repr__(self):
-    result = cStringIO.StringIO()
-    result.write(self._sorters)
-    return result.getvalue()
-
-  def __iter__(self):
-    for sorters in self._sorters.itervalues():
-      for sorter in sorters:
-        yield sorter
-
-  def iter_world(self, world):
-    for sorter in self._sorters.get(world, []):
-      yield sorter
-
-
-class Command(object):
-  """Subclasses are a subcommand for this executable.
-
-  See COMMANDS in main().
-  """
-  _DEVICE_LIB_BASEDIRS = ['/data/data/', '/data/app-lib/', '/data/local/tmp']
-
-  def __init__(self, usage):
-    self._parser = optparse.OptionParser(usage)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def load_basic_files(
-      dump_path, multiple, no_dump=False, alternative_dirs=None):
-    prefix = Command._find_prefix(dump_path)
-    # If the target process is estimated to be working on Android, converts
-    # a path in the Android device to a path estimated to be corresponding in
-    # the host.  Use --alternative-dirs to specify the conversion manually.
-    if not alternative_dirs:
-      alternative_dirs = Command._estimate_alternative_dirs(prefix)
-    if alternative_dirs:
-      for device, host in alternative_dirs.iteritems():
-        LOGGER.info('Assuming %s on device as %s on host' % (device, host))
-    symbol_data_sources = SymbolDataSources(prefix, alternative_dirs)
-    symbol_data_sources.prepare()
-    bucket_set = BucketSet()
-    bucket_set.load(prefix)
-    if not no_dump:
-      if multiple:
-        dump_list = DumpList.load(Command._find_all_dumps(dump_path))
-      else:
-        dump = Dump.load(dump_path)
-    symbol_mapping_cache = SymbolMappingCache()
-    with open(prefix + '.cache.function', 'a+') as cache_f:
-      symbol_mapping_cache.update(
-          FUNCTION_SYMBOLS, bucket_set,
-          SymbolFinder(FUNCTION_SYMBOLS, symbol_data_sources), cache_f)
-    with open(prefix + '.cache.typeinfo', 'a+') as cache_f:
-      symbol_mapping_cache.update(
-          TYPEINFO_SYMBOLS, bucket_set,
-          SymbolFinder(TYPEINFO_SYMBOLS, symbol_data_sources), cache_f)
-    with open(prefix + '.cache.sourcefile', 'a+') as cache_f:
-      symbol_mapping_cache.update(
-          SOURCEFILE_SYMBOLS, bucket_set,
-          SymbolFinder(SOURCEFILE_SYMBOLS, symbol_data_sources), cache_f)
-    bucket_set.symbolize(symbol_mapping_cache)
-    if no_dump:
-      return bucket_set
-    elif multiple:
-      return (bucket_set, dump_list)
-    else:
-      return (bucket_set, dump)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _find_prefix(path):
-    return re.sub('\.[0-9][0-9][0-9][0-9]\.heap', '', path)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _estimate_alternative_dirs(prefix):
-    """Estimates a path in host from a corresponding path in target device.
-
-    For Android, dmprof.py should find symbol information from binaries in
-    the host instead of the Android device because dmprof.py doesn't run on
-    the Android device.  This method estimates a path in the host
-    corresponding to a path in the Android device.
-
-    Returns:
-        A dict that maps a path in the Android device to a path in the host.
-        If a file in Command._DEVICE_LIB_BASEDIRS is found in /proc/maps, it
-        assumes the process was running on Android and maps the path to
-        "out/Debug/lib" in the Chromium directory.  An empty dict is returned
-        unless Android.
-    """
-    device_lib_path_candidates = set()
-
-    with open(prefix + '.maps') as maps_f:
-      maps = proc_maps.ProcMaps.load(maps_f)
-      for entry in maps:
-        name = entry.as_dict()['name']
-        if any([base_dir in name for base_dir in Command._DEVICE_LIB_BASEDIRS]):
-          device_lib_path_candidates.add(os.path.dirname(name))
-
-    if len(device_lib_path_candidates) == 1:
-      return {device_lib_path_candidates.pop(): os.path.join(
-                  CHROME_SRC_PATH, 'out', 'Debug', 'lib')}
-    else:
-      return {}
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _find_all_dumps(dump_path):
-    prefix = Command._find_prefix(dump_path)
-    dump_path_list = [dump_path]
-
-    n = int(dump_path[len(dump_path) - 9 : len(dump_path) - 5])
-    n += 1
-    skipped = 0
-    while True:
-      p = '%s.%04d.heap' % (prefix, n)
-      if os.path.exists(p) and os.stat(p).st_size:
-        dump_path_list.append(p)
-      else:
-        if skipped > 10:
-          break
-        skipped += 1
-      n += 1
-
-    return dump_path_list
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _find_all_buckets(dump_path):
-    prefix = Command._find_prefix(dump_path)
-    bucket_path_list = []
-
-    n = 0
-    while True:
-      path = '%s.%04d.buckets' % (prefix, n)
-      if not os.path.exists(path):
-        if n > 10:
-          break
-        n += 1
-        continue
-      bucket_path_list.append(path)
-      n += 1
-
-    return bucket_path_list
-
-  def _parse_args(self, sys_argv, required):
-    options, args = self._parser.parse_args(sys_argv)
-    if len(args) < required + 1:
-      self._parser.error('needs %d argument(s).\n' % required)
-      return None
-    return (options, args)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _parse_policy_list(options_policy):
-    if options_policy:
-      return options_policy.split(',')
-    else:
-      return None
-
-
-class BucketsCommand(Command):
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(BucketsCommand, self).__init__('Usage: %prog buckets <first-dump>')
-
-  def do(self, sys_argv, out=sys.stdout):
-    _, args = self._parse_args(sys_argv, 1)
-    dump_path = args[1]
-    bucket_set = Command.load_basic_files(dump_path, True, True)
-
-    BucketsCommand._output(bucket_set, out)
-    return 0
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _output(bucket_set, out):
-    """Prints all buckets with resolving symbols.
-
-    Args:
-        bucket_set: A BucketSet object.
-        out: An IO object to output.
-    """
-    for bucket_id, bucket in sorted(bucket_set):
-      out.write('%d: %s\n' % (bucket_id, bucket))
-
-
-class StacktraceCommand(Command):
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(StacktraceCommand, self).__init__(
-        'Usage: %prog stacktrace <dump>')
-
-  def do(self, sys_argv):
-    _, args = self._parse_args(sys_argv, 1)
-    dump_path = args[1]
-    (bucket_set, dump) = Command.load_basic_files(dump_path, False)
-
-    StacktraceCommand._output(dump, bucket_set, sys.stdout)
-    return 0
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _output(dump, bucket_set, out):
-    """Outputs a given stacktrace.
-
-    Args:
-        bucket_set: A BucketSet object.
-        out: A file object to output.
-    """
-    for line in dump.iter_stacktrace:
-      words = line.split()
-      bucket = bucket_set.get(int(words[BUCKET_ID]))
-      if not bucket:
-        continue
-      for i in range(0, BUCKET_ID - 1):
-        out.write(words[i] + ' ')
-      for frame in bucket.symbolized_stackfunction:
-        out.write(frame + ' ')
-      out.write('\n')
-
-
-class PolicyCommands(Command):
-  def __init__(self, command):
-    super(PolicyCommands, self).__init__(
-        'Usage: %%prog %s [-p POLICY] <first-dump> [shared-first-dumps...]' %
-        command)
-    self._parser.add_option('-p', '--policy', type='string', dest='policy',
-                            help='profile with POLICY', metavar='POLICY')
-    self._parser.add_option('--alternative-dirs', dest='alternative_dirs',
-                            metavar='/path/on/target@/path/on/host[:...]',
-                            help='Read files in /path/on/host/ instead of '
-                                 'files in /path/on/target/.')
-
-  def _set_up(self, sys_argv):
-    options, args = self._parse_args(sys_argv, 1)
-    dump_path = args[1]
-    shared_first_dump_paths = args[2:]
-    alternative_dirs_dict = {}
-    if options.alternative_dirs:
-      for alternative_dir_pair in options.alternative_dirs.split(':'):
-        target_path, host_path = alternative_dir_pair.split('@', 1)
-        alternative_dirs_dict[target_path] = host_path
-    (bucket_set, dumps) = Command.load_basic_files(
-        dump_path, True, alternative_dirs=alternative_dirs_dict)
-
-    pfn_counts_dict = {}
-    for shared_first_dump_path in shared_first_dump_paths:
-      shared_dumps = Command._find_all_dumps(shared_first_dump_path)
-      for shared_dump in shared_dumps:
-        pfn_counts = PFNCounts.load(shared_dump)
-        if pfn_counts.pid not in pfn_counts_dict:
-          pfn_counts_dict[pfn_counts.pid] = []
-        pfn_counts_dict[pfn_counts.pid].append(pfn_counts)
-
-    policy_set = PolicySet.load(Command._parse_policy_list(options.policy))
-    return policy_set, dumps, pfn_counts_dict, bucket_set
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _apply_policy(dump, pfn_counts_dict, policy, bucket_set, first_dump_time):
-    """Aggregates the total memory size of each component.
-
-    Iterate through all stacktraces and attribute them to one of the components
-    based on the policy.  It is important to apply policy in right order.
-
-    Args:
-        dump: A Dump object.
-        pfn_counts_dict: A dict mapping a pid to a list of PFNCounts.
-        policy: A Policy object.
-        bucket_set: A BucketSet object.
-        first_dump_time: An integer representing time when the first dump is
-            dumped.
-
-    Returns:
-        A dict mapping components and their corresponding sizes.
-    """
-    LOGGER.info('  %s' % dump.path)
-    all_pfn_dict = {}
-    if pfn_counts_dict:
-      LOGGER.info('    shared with...')
-      for pid, pfnset_list in pfn_counts_dict.iteritems():
-        closest_pfnset_index = None
-        closest_pfnset_difference = 1024.0
-        for index, pfnset in enumerate(pfnset_list):
-          time_difference = pfnset.time - dump.time
-          if time_difference >= 3.0:
-            break
-          elif ((time_difference < 0.0 and pfnset.reason != 'Exiting') or
-                (0.0 <= time_difference and time_difference < 3.0)):
-            closest_pfnset_index = index
-            closest_pfnset_difference = time_difference
-          elif time_difference < 0.0 and pfnset.reason == 'Exiting':
-            closest_pfnset_index = None
-            break
-        if closest_pfnset_index:
-          for pfn, count in pfnset_list[closest_pfnset_index].iter_pfn:
-            all_pfn_dict[pfn] = all_pfn_dict.get(pfn, 0) + count
-          LOGGER.info('      %s (time difference = %f)' %
-                      (pfnset_list[closest_pfnset_index].path,
-                       closest_pfnset_difference))
-        else:
-          LOGGER.info('      (no match with pid:%d)' % pid)
-
-    sizes = dict((c, 0) for c in policy.components)
-
-    PolicyCommands._accumulate_malloc(dump, policy, bucket_set, sizes)
-    verify_global_stats = PolicyCommands._accumulate_maps(
-        dump, all_pfn_dict, policy, bucket_set, sizes)
-
-    # TODO(dmikurube): Remove the verifying code when GLOBAL_STATS is removed.
-    # http://crbug.com/245603.
-    for verify_key, verify_value in verify_global_stats.iteritems():
-      dump_value = dump.global_stat('%s_committed' % verify_key)
-      if dump_value != verify_value:
-        LOGGER.warn('%25s: %12d != %d (%d)' % (
-            verify_key, dump_value, verify_value, dump_value - verify_value))
-
-    sizes['mmap-no-log'] = (
-        dump.global_stat('profiled-mmap_committed') -
-        sizes['mmap-total-log'])
-    sizes['mmap-total-record'] = dump.global_stat('profiled-mmap_committed')
-    sizes['mmap-total-record-vm'] = dump.global_stat('profiled-mmap_virtual')
-
-    sizes['tc-no-log'] = (
-        dump.global_stat('profiled-malloc_committed') -
-        sizes['tc-total-log'])
-    sizes['tc-total-record'] = dump.global_stat('profiled-malloc_committed')
-    sizes['tc-unused'] = (
-        sizes['mmap-tcmalloc'] -
-        dump.global_stat('profiled-malloc_committed'))
-    if sizes['tc-unused'] < 0:
-      LOGGER.warn('    Assuming tc-unused=0 as it is negative: %d (bytes)' %
-                  sizes['tc-unused'])
-      sizes['tc-unused'] = 0
-    sizes['tc-total'] = sizes['mmap-tcmalloc']
-
-    # TODO(dmikurube): global_stat will be deprecated.
-    # See http://crbug.com/245603.
-    for key, value in {
-        'total': 'total_committed',
-        'filemapped': 'file_committed',
-        'absent': 'absent_committed',
-        'file-exec': 'file-exec_committed',
-        'file-nonexec': 'file-nonexec_committed',
-        'anonymous': 'anonymous_committed',
-        'stack': 'stack_committed',
-        'other': 'other_committed',
-        'unhooked-absent': 'nonprofiled-absent_committed',
-        'total-vm': 'total_virtual',
-        'filemapped-vm': 'file_virtual',
-        'anonymous-vm': 'anonymous_virtual',
-        'other-vm': 'other_virtual' }.iteritems():
-      if key in sizes:
-        sizes[key] = dump.global_stat(value)
-
-    if 'mustbezero' in sizes:
-      removed_list = (
-          'profiled-mmap_committed',
-          'nonprofiled-absent_committed',
-          'nonprofiled-anonymous_committed',
-          'nonprofiled-file-exec_committed',
-          'nonprofiled-file-nonexec_committed',
-          'nonprofiled-stack_committed',
-          'nonprofiled-other_committed')
-      sizes['mustbezero'] = (
-          dump.global_stat('total_committed') -
-          sum(dump.global_stat(removed) for removed in removed_list))
-    if 'total-exclude-profiler' in sizes:
-      sizes['total-exclude-profiler'] = (
-          dump.global_stat('total_committed') -
-          (sizes['mmap-profiler'] + sizes['mmap-type-profiler']))
-    if 'hour' in sizes:
-      sizes['hour'] = (dump.time - first_dump_time) / 60.0 / 60.0
-    if 'minute' in sizes:
-      sizes['minute'] = (dump.time - first_dump_time) / 60.0
-    if 'second' in sizes:
-      sizes['second'] = dump.time - first_dump_time
-
-    return sizes
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _accumulate_malloc(dump, policy, bucket_set, sizes):
-    for line in dump.iter_stacktrace:
-      words = line.split()
-      bucket = bucket_set.get(int(words[BUCKET_ID]))
-      if not bucket or bucket.allocator_type == 'malloc':
-        component_match = policy.find_malloc(bucket)
-      elif bucket.allocator_type == 'mmap':
-        continue
-      else:
-        assert False
-      sizes[component_match] += int(words[COMMITTED])
-
-      assert not component_match.startswith('mmap-')
-      if component_match.startswith('tc-'):
-        sizes['tc-total-log'] += int(words[COMMITTED])
-      else:
-        sizes['other-total-log'] += int(words[COMMITTED])
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _accumulate_maps(dump, pfn_dict, policy, bucket_set, sizes):
-    # TODO(dmikurube): Remove the dict when GLOBAL_STATS is removed.
-    # http://crbug.com/245603.
-    global_stats = {
-        'total': 0,
-        'file-exec': 0,
-        'file-nonexec': 0,
-        'anonymous': 0,
-        'stack': 0,
-        'other': 0,
-        'nonprofiled-file-exec': 0,
-        'nonprofiled-file-nonexec': 0,
-        'nonprofiled-anonymous': 0,
-        'nonprofiled-stack': 0,
-        'nonprofiled-other': 0,
-        'profiled-mmap': 0,
-        }
-
-    for key, value in dump.iter_map:
-      # TODO(dmikurube): Remove the subtotal code when GLOBAL_STATS is removed.
-      # It's temporary verification code for transition described in
-      # http://crbug.com/245603.
-      committed = 0
-      if 'committed' in value[1]:
-        committed = value[1]['committed']
-      global_stats['total'] += committed
-      key = 'other'
-      name = value[1]['vma']['name']
-      if name.startswith('/'):
-        if value[1]['vma']['executable'] == 'x':
-          key = 'file-exec'
-        else:
-          key = 'file-nonexec'
-      elif name == '[stack]':
-        key = 'stack'
-      elif name == '':
-        key = 'anonymous'
-      global_stats[key] += committed
-      if value[0] == 'unhooked':
-        global_stats['nonprofiled-' + key] += committed
-      if value[0] == 'hooked':
-        global_stats['profiled-mmap'] += committed
-
-      if value[0] == 'unhooked':
-        if pfn_dict and dump.pageframe_length:
-          for pageframe in value[1]['pageframe']:
-            component_match = policy.find_unhooked(value, pageframe, pfn_dict)
-            sizes[component_match] += pageframe.size
-        else:
-          component_match = policy.find_unhooked(value)
-          sizes[component_match] += int(value[1]['committed'])
-      elif value[0] == 'hooked':
-        if pfn_dict and dump.pageframe_length:
-          for pageframe in value[1]['pageframe']:
-            component_match, _ = policy.find_mmap(
-                value, bucket_set, pageframe, pfn_dict)
-            sizes[component_match] += pageframe.size
-            assert not component_match.startswith('tc-')
-            if component_match.startswith('mmap-'):
-              sizes['mmap-total-log'] += pageframe.size
-            else:
-              sizes['other-total-log'] += pageframe.size
-        else:
-          component_match, _ = policy.find_mmap(value, bucket_set)
-          sizes[component_match] += int(value[1]['committed'])
-          if component_match.startswith('mmap-'):
-            sizes['mmap-total-log'] += int(value[1]['committed'])
-          else:
-            sizes['other-total-log'] += int(value[1]['committed'])
-      else:
-        LOGGER.error('Unrecognized mapping status: %s' % value[0])
-
-    return global_stats
-
-
-class CSVCommand(PolicyCommands):
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(CSVCommand, self).__init__('csv')
-
-  def do(self, sys_argv):
-    policy_set, dumps, pfn_counts_dict, bucket_set = self._set_up(sys_argv)
-    return CSVCommand._output(
-        policy_set, dumps, pfn_counts_dict, bucket_set, sys.stdout)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _output(policy_set, dumps, pfn_counts_dict, bucket_set, out):
-    max_components = 0
-    for label in policy_set:
-      max_components = max(max_components, len(policy_set[label].components))
-
-    for label in sorted(policy_set):
-      components = policy_set[label].components
-      if len(policy_set) > 1:
-        out.write('%s%s\n' % (label, ',' * (max_components - 1)))
-      out.write('%s%s\n' % (
-          ','.join(components), ',' * (max_components - len(components))))
-
-      LOGGER.info('Applying a policy %s to...' % label)
-      for dump in dumps:
-        component_sizes = PolicyCommands._apply_policy(
-            dump, pfn_counts_dict, policy_set[label], bucket_set, dumps[0].time)
-        s = []
-        for c in components:
-          if c in ('hour', 'minute', 'second'):
-            s.append('%05.5f' % (component_sizes[c]))
-          else:
-            s.append('%05.5f' % (component_sizes[c] / 1024.0 / 1024.0))
-        out.write('%s%s\n' % (
-              ','.join(s), ',' * (max_components - len(components))))
-
-      bucket_set.clear_component_cache()
-
-    return 0
-
-
-class JSONCommand(PolicyCommands):
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(JSONCommand, self).__init__('json')
-
-  def do(self, sys_argv):
-    policy_set, dumps, pfn_counts_dict, bucket_set = self._set_up(sys_argv)
-    return JSONCommand._output(
-        policy_set, dumps, pfn_counts_dict, bucket_set, sys.stdout)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _output(policy_set, dumps, pfn_counts_dict, bucket_set, out):
-    json_base = {
-      'version': 'JSON_DEEP_2',
-      'policies': {},
-    }
-
-    for label in sorted(policy_set):
-      json_base['policies'][label] = {
-        'legends': policy_set[label].components,
-        'snapshots': [],
-      }
-
-      LOGGER.info('Applying a policy %s to...' % label)
-      for dump in dumps:
-        component_sizes = PolicyCommands._apply_policy(
-            dump, pfn_counts_dict, policy_set[label], bucket_set, dumps[0].time)
-        component_sizes['dump_path'] = dump.path
-        component_sizes['dump_time'] = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(
-            dump.time).strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S')
-        json_base['policies'][label]['snapshots'].append(component_sizes)
-
-      bucket_set.clear_component_cache()
-
-    json.dump(json_base, out, indent=2, sort_keys=True)
-
-    return 0
-
-
-class ListCommand(PolicyCommands):
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(ListCommand, self).__init__('list')
-
-  def do(self, sys_argv):
-    policy_set, dumps, pfn_counts_dict, bucket_set = self._set_up(sys_argv)
-    return ListCommand._output(
-        policy_set, dumps, pfn_counts_dict, bucket_set, sys.stdout)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _output(policy_set, dumps, pfn_counts_dict, bucket_set, out):
-    for label in sorted(policy_set):
-      LOGGER.info('Applying a policy %s to...' % label)
-      for dump in dumps:
-        component_sizes = PolicyCommands._apply_policy(
-            dump, pfn_counts_dict, policy_set[label], bucket_set, dump.time)
-        out.write('%s for %s:\n' % (label, dump.path))
-        for c in policy_set[label].components:
-          if c in ['hour', 'minute', 'second']:
-            out.write('%40s %12.3f\n' % (c, component_sizes[c]))
-          else:
-            out.write('%40s %12d\n' % (c, component_sizes[c]))
-
-      bucket_set.clear_component_cache()
-
-    return 0
-
-
-class MapCommand(Command):
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(MapCommand, self).__init__('Usage: %prog map <first-dump> <policy>')
-
-  def do(self, sys_argv, out=sys.stdout):
-    _, args = self._parse_args(sys_argv, 2)
-    dump_path = args[1]
-    target_policy = args[2]
-    (bucket_set, dumps) = Command.load_basic_files(dump_path, True)
-    policy_set = PolicySet.load(Command._parse_policy_list(target_policy))
-
-    MapCommand._output(dumps, bucket_set, policy_set[target_policy], out)
-    return 0
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _output(dumps, bucket_set, policy, out):
-    """Prints all stacktraces in a given component of given depth.
-
-    Args:
-        dumps: A list of Dump objects.
-        bucket_set: A BucketSet object.
-        policy: A Policy object.
-        out: An IO object to output.
-    """
-    max_dump_count = 0
-    range_dict = ExclusiveRangeDict(ListAttribute)
-    for dump in dumps:
-      max_dump_count = max(max_dump_count, dump.count)
-      for key, value in dump.iter_map:
-        for begin, end, attr in range_dict.iter_range(key[0], key[1]):
-          attr[dump.count] = value
-
-    max_dump_count_digit = len(str(max_dump_count))
-    for begin, end, attr in range_dict.iter_range():
-      out.write('%x-%x\n' % (begin, end))
-      if len(attr) < max_dump_count:
-        attr[max_dump_count] = None
-      for index, value in enumerate(attr[1:]):
-        out.write('  #%0*d: ' % (max_dump_count_digit, index + 1))
-        if not value:
-          out.write('None\n')
-        elif value[0] == 'hooked':
-          component_match, _ = policy.find_mmap(value, bucket_set)
-          out.write('%s @ %d\n' % (component_match, value[1]['bucket_id']))
-        else:
-          component_match = policy.find_unhooked(value)
-          region_info = value[1]
-          size = region_info['committed']
-          out.write('%s [%d bytes] %s%s%s%s %s\n' % (
-              component_match, size, value[1]['vma']['readable'],
-              value[1]['vma']['writable'], value[1]['vma']['executable'],
-              value[1]['vma']['private'], value[1]['vma']['name']))
-
-
-class ExpandCommand(Command):
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(ExpandCommand, self).__init__(
-        'Usage: %prog expand <dump> <policy> <component> <depth>')
-
-  def do(self, sys_argv):
-    _, args = self._parse_args(sys_argv, 4)
-    dump_path = args[1]
-    target_policy = args[2]
-    component_name = args[3]
-    depth = args[4]
-    (bucket_set, dump) = Command.load_basic_files(dump_path, False)
-    policy_set = PolicySet.load(Command._parse_policy_list(target_policy))
-
-    ExpandCommand._output(dump, policy_set[target_policy], bucket_set,
-                          component_name, int(depth), sys.stdout)
-    return 0
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _output(dump, policy, bucket_set, component_name, depth, out):
-    """Prints all stacktraces in a given component of given depth.
-
-    Args:
-        dump: A Dump object.
-        policy: A Policy object.
-        bucket_set: A BucketSet object.
-        component_name: A name of component for filtering.
-        depth: An integer representing depth to be printed.
-        out: An IO object to output.
-    """
-    sizes = {}
-
-    ExpandCommand._accumulate(
-        dump, policy, bucket_set, component_name, depth, sizes)
-
-    sorted_sizes_list = sorted(
-        sizes.iteritems(), key=(lambda x: x[1]), reverse=True)
-    total = 0
-    # TODO(dmikurube): Better formatting.
-    for size_pair in sorted_sizes_list:
-      out.write('%10d %s\n' % (size_pair[1], size_pair[0]))
-      total += size_pair[1]
-    LOGGER.info('total: %d\n' % total)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _add_size(precedence, bucket, depth, committed, sizes):
-    stacktrace_sequence = precedence
-    for function, sourcefile in zip(
-        bucket.symbolized_stackfunction[
-            0 : min(len(bucket.symbolized_stackfunction), 1 + depth)],
-        bucket.symbolized_stacksourcefile[
-            0 : min(len(bucket.symbolized_stacksourcefile), 1 + depth)]):
-      stacktrace_sequence += '%s(@%s) ' % (function, sourcefile)
-    if not stacktrace_sequence in sizes:
-      sizes[stacktrace_sequence] = 0
-    sizes[stacktrace_sequence] += committed
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _accumulate(dump, policy, bucket_set, component_name, depth, sizes):
-    rule = policy.find_rule(component_name)
-    if not rule:
-      pass
-    elif rule.allocator_type == 'malloc':
-      for line in dump.iter_stacktrace:
-        words = line.split()
-        bucket = bucket_set.get(int(words[BUCKET_ID]))
-        if not bucket or bucket.allocator_type == 'malloc':
-          component_match = policy.find_malloc(bucket)
-        elif bucket.allocator_type == 'mmap':
-          continue
-        else:
-          assert False
-        if component_match == component_name:
-          precedence = ''
-          precedence += '(alloc=%d) ' % int(words[ALLOC_COUNT])
-          precedence += '(free=%d) ' % int(words[FREE_COUNT])
-          if bucket.typeinfo:
-            precedence += '(type=%s) ' % bucket.symbolized_typeinfo
-            precedence += '(type.name=%s) ' % bucket.typeinfo_name
-          ExpandCommand._add_size(precedence, bucket, depth,
-                                  int(words[COMMITTED]), sizes)
-    elif rule.allocator_type == 'mmap':
-      for _, region in dump.iter_map:
-        if region[0] != 'hooked':
-          continue
-        component_match, bucket = policy.find_mmap(region, bucket_set)
-        if component_match == component_name:
-          ExpandCommand._add_size('', bucket, depth,
-                                  region[1]['committed'], sizes)
-
-
-class PProfCommand(Command):
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(PProfCommand, self).__init__(
-        'Usage: %prog pprof [-c COMPONENT] <dump> <policy>')
-    self._parser.add_option('-c', '--component', type='string',
-                            dest='component',
-                            help='restrict to COMPONENT', metavar='COMPONENT')
-
-  def do(self, sys_argv):
-    options, args = self._parse_args(sys_argv, 2)
-
-    dump_path = args[1]
-    target_policy = args[2]
-    component = options.component
-
-    (bucket_set, dump) = Command.load_basic_files(dump_path, False)
-    policy_set = PolicySet.load(Command._parse_policy_list(target_policy))
-
-    with open(Command._find_prefix(dump_path) + '.maps', 'r') as maps_f:
-      maps_lines = maps_f.readlines()
-    PProfCommand._output(
-        dump, policy_set[target_policy], bucket_set, maps_lines, component,
-        sys.stdout)
-
-    return 0
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _output(dump, policy, bucket_set, maps_lines, component_name, out):
-    """Converts the heap profile dump so it can be processed by pprof.
-
-    Args:
-        dump: A Dump object.
-        policy: A Policy object.
-        bucket_set: A BucketSet object.
-        maps_lines: A list of strings containing /proc/.../maps.
-        component_name: A name of component for filtering.
-        out: An IO object to output.
-    """
-    out.write('heap profile: ')
-    com_committed, com_allocs = PProfCommand._accumulate(
-        dump, policy, bucket_set, component_name)
-
-    out.write('%6d: %8s [%6d: %8s] @ heapprofile\n' % (
-        com_allocs, com_committed, com_allocs, com_committed))
-
-    PProfCommand._output_stacktrace_lines(
-        dump, policy, bucket_set, component_name, out)
-
-    out.write('MAPPED_LIBRARIES:\n')
-    for line in maps_lines:
-      out.write(line)
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _accumulate(dump, policy, bucket_set, component_name):
-    """Accumulates size of committed chunks and the number of allocated chunks.
-
-    Args:
-        dump: A Dump object.
-        policy: A Policy object.
-        bucket_set: A BucketSet object.
-        component_name: A name of component for filtering.
-
-    Returns:
-        Two integers which are the accumulated size of committed regions and the
-        number of allocated chunks, respectively.
-    """
-    com_committed = 0
-    com_allocs = 0
-
-    for _, region in dump.iter_map:
-      if region[0] != 'hooked':
-        continue
-      component_match, bucket = policy.find_mmap(region, bucket_set)
-
-      if (component_name and component_name != component_match) or (
-          region[1]['committed'] == 0):
-        continue
-
-      com_committed += region[1]['committed']
-      com_allocs += 1
-
-    for line in dump.iter_stacktrace:
-      words = line.split()
-      bucket = bucket_set.get(int(words[BUCKET_ID]))
-      if not bucket or bucket.allocator_type == 'malloc':
-        component_match = policy.find_malloc(bucket)
-      elif bucket.allocator_type == 'mmap':
-        continue
-      else:
-        assert False
-      if (not bucket or
-          (component_name and component_name != component_match)):
-        continue
-
-      com_committed += int(words[COMMITTED])
-      com_allocs += int(words[ALLOC_COUNT]) - int(words[FREE_COUNT])
-
-    return com_committed, com_allocs
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _output_stacktrace_lines(dump, policy, bucket_set, component_name, out):
-    """Prints information of stacktrace lines for pprof.
-
-    Args:
-        dump: A Dump object.
-        policy: A Policy object.
-        bucket_set: A BucketSet object.
-        component_name: A name of component for filtering.
-        out: An IO object to output.
-    """
-    for _, region in dump.iter_map:
-      if region[0] != 'hooked':
-        continue
-      component_match, bucket = policy.find_mmap(region, bucket_set)
-
-      if (component_name and component_name != component_match) or (
-          region[1]['committed'] == 0):
-        continue
-
-      out.write('     1: %8s [     1: %8s] @' % (
-          region[1]['committed'], region[1]['committed']))
-      for address in bucket.stacktrace:
-        out.write(' 0x%016x' % address)
-      out.write('\n')
-
-    for line in dump.iter_stacktrace:
-      words = line.split()
-      bucket = bucket_set.get(int(words[BUCKET_ID]))
-      if not bucket or bucket.allocator_type == 'malloc':
-        component_match = policy.find_malloc(bucket)
-      elif bucket.allocator_type == 'mmap':
-        continue
-      else:
-        assert False
-      if (not bucket or
-          (component_name and component_name != component_match)):
-        continue
-
-      out.write('%6d: %8s [%6d: %8s] @' % (
-          int(words[ALLOC_COUNT]) - int(words[FREE_COUNT]),
-          words[COMMITTED],
-          int(words[ALLOC_COUNT]) - int(words[FREE_COUNT]),
-          words[COMMITTED]))
-      for address in bucket.stacktrace:
-        out.write(' 0x%016x' % address)
-      out.write('\n')
-
-
-class UploadCommand(Command):
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(UploadCommand, self).__init__(
-        'Usage: %prog upload [--gsutil path/to/gsutil] '
-        '<first-dump> <destination-gs-path>')
-    self._parser.add_option('--gsutil', default='gsutil',
-                            help='path to GSUTIL', metavar='GSUTIL')
-
-  def do(self, sys_argv):
-    options, args = self._parse_args(sys_argv, 2)
-    dump_path = args[1]
-    gs_path = args[2]
-
-    dump_files = Command._find_all_dumps(dump_path)
-    bucket_files = Command._find_all_buckets(dump_path)
-    prefix = Command._find_prefix(dump_path)
-    symbol_data_sources = SymbolDataSources(prefix)
-    symbol_data_sources.prepare()
-    symbol_path = symbol_data_sources.path()
-
-    handle_zip, filename_zip = tempfile.mkstemp('.zip', 'dmprof')
-    os.close(handle_zip)
-
-    try:
-      file_zip = zipfile.ZipFile(filename_zip, 'w', zipfile.ZIP_DEFLATED)
-      for filename in dump_files:
-        file_zip.write(filename, os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(filename)))
-      for filename in bucket_files:
-        file_zip.write(filename, os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(filename)))
-
-      symbol_basename = os.path.basename(os.path.abspath(symbol_path))
-      for filename in os.listdir(symbol_path):
-        if not filename.startswith('.'):
-          file_zip.write(os.path.join(symbol_path, filename),
-                         os.path.join(symbol_basename, os.path.basename(
-                             os.path.abspath(filename))))
-      file_zip.close()
-
-      returncode = UploadCommand._run_gsutil(
-          options.gsutil, 'cp', '-a', 'public-read', filename_zip, gs_path)
-    finally:
-      os.remove(filename_zip)
-
-    return returncode
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _run_gsutil(gsutil, *args):
-    """Run gsutil as a subprocess.
-
-    Args:
-        *args: Arguments to pass to gsutil. The first argument should be an
-            operation such as ls, cp or cat.
-    Returns:
-        The return code from the process.
-    """
-    command = [gsutil] + list(args)
-    LOGGER.info("Running: %s", command)
-
-    try:
-      return subprocess.call(command)
-    except OSError, e:
-      LOGGER.error('Error to run gsutil: %s', e)
-
-
-class CatCommand(Command):
-  def __init__(self):
-    super(CatCommand, self).__init__('Usage: %prog cat <first-dump>')
-    self._parser.add_option('--alternative-dirs', dest='alternative_dirs',
-                            metavar='/path/on/target@/path/on/host[:...]',
-                            help='Read files in /path/on/host/ instead of '
-                                 'files in /path/on/target/.')
-    self._parser.add_option('--indent', dest='indent', action='store_true',
-                            help='Indent the output.')
-
-  def do(self, sys_argv):
-    options, args = self._parse_args(sys_argv, 1)
-    dump_path = args[1]
-    # TODO(dmikurube): Support shared memory.
-    alternative_dirs_dict = {}
-    if options.alternative_dirs:
-      for alternative_dir_pair in options.alternative_dirs.split(':'):
-        target_path, host_path = alternative_dir_pair.split('@', 1)
-        alternative_dirs_dict[target_path] = host_path
-    (bucket_set, dumps) = Command.load_basic_files(
-        dump_path, True, alternative_dirs=alternative_dirs_dict)
-
-    json_root = OrderedDict()
-    json_root['version'] = 1
-    json_root['run_id'] = None
-    for dump in dumps:
-      if json_root['run_id'] and json_root['run_id'] != dump.run_id:
-        LOGGER.error('Inconsistent heap profile dumps.')
-        json_root['run_id'] = ''
-        break
-      json_root['run_id'] = dump.run_id
-    json_root['snapshots'] = []
-
-    # Load all sorters.
-    sorters = SorterSet()
-
-    for dump in dumps:
-      json_root['snapshots'].append(
-          self._fill_snapshot(dump, bucket_set, sorters))
-
-    if options.indent:
-      json.dump(json_root, sys.stdout, indent=2)
-    else:
-      json.dump(json_root, sys.stdout)
-    print ''
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _fill_snapshot(dump, bucket_set, sorters):
-    root = OrderedDict()
-    root['time'] = dump.time
-    root['worlds'] = OrderedDict()
-    root['worlds']['vm'] = CatCommand._fill_world(
-        dump, bucket_set, sorters, 'vm')
-    root['worlds']['malloc'] = CatCommand._fill_world(
-        dump, bucket_set, sorters, 'malloc')
-    return root
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _fill_world(dump, bucket_set, sorters, world):
-    root = OrderedDict()
-
-    root['name'] = 'world'
-    if world == 'vm':
-      root['unit_fields'] = ['committed', 'reserved']
-    elif world == 'malloc':
-      root['unit_fields'] = ['size', 'alloc_count', 'free_count']
-
-    # Make { vm | malloc } units with their sizes.
-    root['units'] = OrderedDict()
-    unit_set = UnitSet(world)
-    if world == 'vm':
-      for unit in CatCommand._iterate_vm_unit(dump, None, bucket_set):
-        unit_set.append(unit)
-      for unit in unit_set:
-        root['units'][unit.unit_id] = [unit.committed, unit.reserved]
-    elif world == 'malloc':
-      for unit in CatCommand._iterate_malloc_unit(dump, bucket_set):
-        unit_set.append(unit)
-      for unit in unit_set:
-        root['units'][unit.unit_id] = [
-            unit.size, unit.alloc_count, unit.free_count]
-
-    # Iterate for { vm | malloc } sorters.
-    root['breakdown'] = OrderedDict()
-    for sorter in sorters.iter_world(world):
-      breakdown = OrderedDict()
-      for unit in unit_set:
-        found = sorter.find(unit)
-        if found.name not in breakdown:
-          category = OrderedDict()
-          category['name'] = found.name
-          category['color'] = 'random'
-          subworlds = {}
-          for subworld in found.iter_subworld():
-            subworlds[subworld] = False
-          if subworlds:
-            category['subworlds'] = subworlds
-          if found.hidden:
-            category['hidden'] = True
-          category['units'] = []
-          breakdown[found.name] = category
-        breakdown[found.name]['units'].append(unit.unit_id)
-      root['breakdown'][sorter.name] = breakdown
-
-    return root
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _iterate_vm_unit(dump, pfn_dict, bucket_set):
-    unit_id = 0
-    for _, region in dump.iter_map:
-      unit_id += 1
-      if region[0] == 'unhooked':
-        if pfn_dict and dump.pageframe_length:
-          for pageframe in region[1]['pageframe']:
-            yield UnhookedUnit(unit_id, pageframe.size, pageframe.size,
-                               region, pageframe, pfn_dict)
-        else:
-          yield UnhookedUnit(unit_id,
-                             int(region[1]['committed']),
-                             int(region[1]['reserved']),
-                             region)
-      elif region[0] == 'hooked':
-        if pfn_dict and dump.pageframe_length:
-          for pageframe in region[1]['pageframe']:
-            yield MMapUnit(unit_id,
-                           pageframe.size,
-                           pageframe.size,
-                           region, bucket_set, pageframe, pfn_dict)
-        else:
-          yield MMapUnit(unit_id,
-                         int(region[1]['committed']),
-                         int(region[1]['reserved']),
-                         region,
-                         bucket_set)
-      else:
-        LOGGER.error('Unrecognized mapping status: %s' % region[0])
-
-  @staticmethod
-  def _iterate_malloc_unit(dump, bucket_set):
-    for line in dump.iter_stacktrace:
-      words = line.split()
-      bucket = bucket_set.get(int(words[BUCKET_ID]))
-      if bucket and bucket.allocator_type == 'malloc':
-        yield MallocUnit(int(words[BUCKET_ID]),
-                         int(words[COMMITTED]),
-                         int(words[ALLOC_COUNT]),
-                         int(words[FREE_COUNT]),
-                         bucket)
-      elif not bucket:
-        # 'Not-found' buckets are all assumed as malloc buckets.
-        yield MallocUnit(int(words[BUCKET_ID]),
-                         int(words[COMMITTED]),
-                         int(words[ALLOC_COUNT]),
-                         int(words[FREE_COUNT]),
-                         None)
 
 
 def main():
   COMMANDS = {
-    'buckets': BucketsCommand,
-    'cat': CatCommand,
-    'csv': CSVCommand,
-    'expand': ExpandCommand,
-    'json': JSONCommand,
-    'list': ListCommand,
-    'map': MapCommand,
-    'pprof': PProfCommand,
-    'stacktrace': StacktraceCommand,
-    'upload': UploadCommand,
+    'buckets': subcommands.BucketsCommand,
+    'cat': subcommands.CatCommand,
+    'csv': subcommands.CSVCommand,
+    'expand': subcommands.ExpandCommand,
+    'json': subcommands.JSONCommand,
+    'list': subcommands.ListCommand,
+    'map': subcommands.MapCommand,
+    'pprof': subcommands.PProfCommand,
+    'stacktrace': subcommands.StacktraceCommand,
+    'upload': subcommands.UploadCommand,
   }
 
   if len(sys.argv) < 2 or (not sys.argv[1] in COMMANDS):
     sys.stderr.write("""Usage: dmprof <command> [options] [<args>]
 
 Commands:
    buckets      Dump a bucket list with resolving symbols
    cat          Categorize memory usage (under development)
    csv          Classify memory usage in CSV
    expand       Show all stacktraces contained in the specified component
@@ skipping 30 matching lines @@
     errorcode = COMMANDS[action]().do(sys.argv)
   except ParsingException, e:
     errorcode = 1
     sys.stderr.write('Exit by parsing error: %s\n' % e)
 
   return errorcode
 
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
   sys.exit(main())