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| ----
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| -title: "Command: Upgrade"
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| ----
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| -
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| - $ pub upgrade [PACKAGE]
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| -
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| -Without any additional arguments, `pub upgrade` gets the latest versions of
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| -all the dependencies listed in the [`pubspec.yaml`](pubspec.html) file in the
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| -current working directory, as well as their [transitive
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| -dependencies](glossary.html#transitive-dependencies), to the `packages`
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| -directory located next to the pubspec. For example:
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| -
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| - $ pub upgrade
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| - Dependencies upgraded!
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| -
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| -When `pub upgrade` upgrades dependency versions, it writes a
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| -[lockfile](glossary.html#lockfile) to ensure that future [`pub
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| -get`s](pub-get.html) will use the same versions of those dependencies.
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| -Application packages should check in the lockfile to source control; this
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| -ensures the application will use the exact same versions of all dependencies for
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| -all developers and when deployed to production. Library packages should not
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| -check in the lockfile, though, since they're expected to work with a range of
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| -dependency versions.
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| -
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| -If a lockfile already exists, `pub upgrade` will ignore it and generate a new
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| -one from scratch using the latest versions of all dependencies. This is the
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| -primary difference between `pub upgrade` and `pub get`, which always tries to
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| -get the dependency versions specified in the existing lockfile.
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| -
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| -## Upgrading specific dependencies
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| -
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| -It's possible to tell `pub upgrade` to upgrade specific dependencies to the
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| -latest version while leaving the rest of the dependencies alone as much as
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| -possible. For example:
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| -
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| - $ pub upgrade unittest args
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| - Dependencies upgraded!
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| -
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| -Upgrading a dependency upgrades its transitive dependencies to their latest
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| -versions as well. Usually, no other dependencies are updated; they stay at the
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| -versions that are locked in the lockfile. However, if the requested upgrades
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| -cause incompatibilities with these locked versions, they will be selectively
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| -unlocked until a compatible set of versions is found.
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| -
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| -## Getting a new dependency
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| -
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| -If a dependency is added to the pubspec before `pub upgrade` is run, it will
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| -get the new dependency and any of its transitive dependencies and place them in
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| -the `packages` directory. This is the same behavior as `pub get`.
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| -
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| -## Removing a dependency
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| -
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| -If a dependency is removed from the pubspec before `pub upgrade` is run, it
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| -will remove the dependency from the `packages` directory, thus making it
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| -unavailable for importing. Any transitive dependencies of the removed dependency
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| -will also be removed, as long as no remaining immediate dependencies also depend
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| -on them. This is the same behavior as `pub get`.
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| -
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| -## Upgrading while offline
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| -
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| -If you don't have network access, you can still run `pub upgrade`. Since pub
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| -downloads packages to a central cache shared by all packages on your system, it
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| -can often find previously-downloaded packages there without needing to hit the
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| -network.
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| -
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| -However, by default, pub will always try to go online when you upgrade if you
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| -have any hosted dependencies so that it can see if newer versions of them are
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| -available. If you don't want it to do that, pass the `--offline` flag when
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| -running pub. In this mode, it will only look in your local package cache and
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| -try to find a set of versions that work with your package from what's already
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| -available.
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| -
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| -Keep in mind that pub *will* generate a lockfile after it does this. If the
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| -only version of some dependency in your cache happens to be old, this will lock
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| -your app to that version. The next time you are online, you will likely want to
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| -run `pub upgrade` again to upgrade to a later version.
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