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---- |
-title: "Command: Get" |
---- |
- |
- $ pub get [--offline] |
- |
-This command gets all the dependencies listed in the |
-[`pubspec.yaml`](pubspec.html) file in the current working directory, as well as |
-their [transitive dependencies](glossary.html#transitive-dependency), and places |
-them in a `packages` directory located next to the pubspec. For example: |
- |
- $ pub get |
- Got dependencies! |
- |
-Once the dependencies are acquired, they may be referenced in Dart code. For |
-example, if a package depends on `unittest`: |
- |
-{% highlight dart %} |
-import "package:unittest/unittest.dart; |
-{% endhighlight %} |
- |
-When `pub get` gets new dependencies, it writes a |
-[lockfile](glossary.html#lockfile) to ensure that future gets will use the |
-same versions of those dependencies. Application packages should check in the |
-lockfile to source control; this ensures the application will use the exact same |
-versions of all dependencies for all developers and when deployed to production. |
-Library packages should not check in the lockfile, though, since they're |
-expected to work with a range of dependency versions. |
- |
-If a lockfile already exists, `pub get` uses the versions of dependencies |
-locked in it if possible. If a dependency isn't locked, pub will get the |
-latest version of that dependency that satisfies all the [version |
-constraints](glossary.html#version-constraint). This is the primary difference |
-between `pub get` and [`pub upgrade`](pub-upgrade.html), which always tries to |
-get the latest versions of all dependencies. |
- |
-## Getting a new dependency |
- |
-If a dependency is added to the pubspec and then `pub get` is run, it will |
-get the new dependency and any of its transitive dependencies and place them in |
-the `packages` directory. However, it won't change the versions of any |
-already-acquired dependencies unless that's necessary to get the new |
-dependency. |
- |
-## Removing a dependency |
- |
-If a dependency is removed from the pubspec and then `pub get` is run, it will |
-remove the dependency from the `packages` directory, thus making it |
-unavailable for importing. Any transitive dependencies of the removed dependency |
-will also be removed, as long as no remaining immediate dependencies also depend |
-on them. Removing a dependency will never change the versions of any |
-already-acquired dependencies. |
- |
-## Linked `packages` directories |
- |
-Every [entrypoint](glossary.html#entrypoint) in a package needs to be next to a |
-`packages` directory in order for it to import packages acquired by Pub. |
-However, it's not convenient to put every entrypoint at the top level of the |
-package alongside the main `packages` directory. You may have example scripts or |
-tests that you want to be able to run from subdirectories. |
- |
-`pub get` solves this issue by creating additional `packages` directories |
-that link to the main `packages` directory at the root of your package. It |
-assumes your package is laid out according to the [package layout |
-guide](package-layout.html), and creates a linked `packages` directory in |
-`bin/`, `test/`, and `example/`, as well as their subdirectories. |
- |
-## The system package cache |
- |
-Dependencies are not physically stored in the `packages` directory that pub |
-creates. Dependencies downloaded over the internet, such as those from Git and |
-[pub.dartlang.org](http://pub.dartlang.org), are stored in a system-wide cache |
-and linked to from the `packages` directory. This means that if multiple |
-packages use the same version of the same dependency, it will only need to be |
-downloaded and stored locally once. It also means that it's safe to delete the |
-`packages` directory without worrying about re-downloading packages. |
- |
-By default, the system package cache is located in the `.pub-cache` subdirectory |
-of your home directory. However, it may be configured by setting the `PUB_CACHE` |
-environment variable before running Pub. |
- |
-## Getting while offline |
- |
-If you don't have network access, you can still run `pub get`. Since pub |
-downloads packages to a central cache shared by all packages on your system, it |
-can often find previous-downloaded packages there without needing to hit the |
-network. |
- |
-However, by default, pub will always try to go online when you get if you |
-have any hosted dependencies so that it can see if newer versions of them are |
-available. If you don't want it to do that, pass the `--offline` flag when |
-running pub. In this mode, it will only look in your local package cache and |
-try to find a set of versions that work with your package from what's already |
-available. |
- |
-Keep in mind that pub *will* generate a lockfile after it does this. If the |
-only version of some dependency in your cache happens to be old, this will lock |
-your app to that version. The next time you are online, you will likely want to |
-run [`pub upgrade`](pub-upgrade.html) to upgrade to a later version. |