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| -<p>The <a href="pub-serve.html"><code>pub serve</code></a> and <a href="pub-build.html"><code>pub build</code></a> | 
| -commands use <a href="glossary.html#transformer">transformers</a> to prepare a package’s <a href="glossary.html#asset">assets</a> to be served | 
| -locally or to be deployed, respectively.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<p>Use the <code>pubspec.yaml</code> file to specify which transformers your package uses | 
| -and, if necessary, to configure the transformers. (See | 
| -<a href="#specifying-transformers">Specifying transformers</a> for details.) For example:</p> | 
| - | 
| -<pre> | 
| -name: myapp | 
| -dependencies: | 
| -  <b>polymer: any</b> | 
| -<b>transformers: | 
| -- polymer: | 
| -    entry_points: | 
| -    - web/index.html | 
| -    - web/index2.html</b> | 
| -</pre> | 
| - | 
| -<p>A package’s assets must be in one or more of the following directories: | 
| -<code>lib</code>, <code>asset</code>, and <code>web</code>. After transformation by <code>pub build</code>, assets are | 
| -available under a directory called <code>build</code>. Assets generated from | 
| -files in a package’s <code>lib</code> directory appear under a directory named | 
| -<code>packages/<em><pkg_name></em></code>, and those from the package’s | 
| -<code>asset</code> directory appear under <code>assets/<em><pkg_name></em></code>. | 
| -For details, see | 
| -<a href="#where-to-put-assets">Where to put assets</a> and | 
| -<a href="#how-to-refer-to-assets">How to refer to assets</a>.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<h2 id="how-transformers-work">How transformers work</h2> | 
| - | 
| -<p>Here are some examples of transformers:</p> | 
| - | 
| -<ul> | 
| -  <li>The dart2js transformer, which reads in all of the <code>.dart</code> files for a | 
| -program and compiles them to a single <code>.js</code> file.</li> | 
| -  <li>The polymer transformer, which converts HTML and Dart files into | 
| -optimized HTML and Dart files.</li> | 
| -  <li>A linter that reads in files and produces warnings but no actual file.</li> | 
| -</ul> | 
| - | 
| -<p>Although you specify which transformers to use, you don’t explicitly say | 
| -which transformers should be applied to which assets. Instead, each | 
| -transformer determines which assets it can apply itself to. For <code>pub serve</code>, | 
| -the transformers run when the dev server starts up and whenever a source | 
| -asset changes. The <code>pub build</code> command runs the transformers once and | 
| -then exits.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<p>As the following figure shows, source assets can pass through, untransformed, | 
| -and become generated assets. Or a source asset can be transformed, such as a | 
| -<code>.dart</code> file (along with the <code>.dart</code> files that it refers to) that is | 
| -compiled to <code>.js</code>.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<p><img src="/img/assets-and-transformers.png" alt="a figure showing source assets and generated assets; the .html, .css, and .png files pass through, untransformed; the .dart file is transformed into a .js file (and, for pub serve only, the .dart file is passed through, as well)" /></p> | 
| - | 
| -<p>Dart files are a special case. The <code>pub build</code> command doesn’t produce <code>.dart</code> | 
| -files because browsers in the wild don’t support Dart natively (yet). The <code>pub | 
| -serve</code> command, on the other hand, does generate <code>.dart</code> assets, because | 
| -you can use Dartium while you’re developing your app.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<h2 id="specifying-transformers">Specifying transformers</h2> | 
| - | 
| -<p>To tell pub to apply a transformer to your package’s assets, specify the | 
| -transformer, as well as the package that contains the transformer, in your | 
| -package’s <code>pubspec.yaml</code> file. In the following pubspec, the bold lines | 
| -specify that this package requires the polymer transformer, which is in the | 
| -polymer package (along with the rest of Polymer.dart):</p> | 
| - | 
| -<pre> | 
| -name: myapp | 
| -dependencies: | 
| -  <b>polymer: any</b> | 
| -<b>transformers: | 
| -- polymer: | 
| -    entry_points: web/index.html</b> | 
| -</pre> | 
| - | 
| -<p>We expect more transformers to be available in the future. You can specify | 
| -multiple transformers, to run either in parallel (if they’re independent of | 
| -each other) or in separate phases. To specify that transformers run in | 
| -parallel, use [<code><em>transformer_1</em>, ..., | 
| -<em>transformer_n</em></code>]. If order matters, put the transformers on | 
| -separate lines.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<p>For example, consider three transformers, specified as follows:</p> | 
| - | 
| -<div class="highlight"><pre><code class="yaml"><span class="l-Scalar-Plain">transformers</span><span class="p-Indicator">:</span> | 
| -<span class="p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="p-Indicator">[</span><span class="nv">t1</span><span class="p-Indicator">,</span> <span class="nv">t2</span><span class="p-Indicator">]</span> | 
| -<span class="p-Indicator">-</span> <span class="l-Scalar-Plain">t3</span> | 
| -</code></pre></div> | 
| - | 
| -<p>The <code>t1</code> and <code>t2</code> transformers run first, in parallel. The <code>t3</code> transformer | 
| -runs in a separate phase, after <code>t1</code> and <code>t2</code> are finished, and can see the | 
| -outputs of <code>t1</code> and <code>t2</code>.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<p>Pub implicitly appends a transformer that converts your Dart code to | 
| -JavaScript, so your code can run in any modern browser.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<h2 id="where-to-put-assets">Where to put assets</h2> | 
| - | 
| -<p>If you want a file to be an <em>asset</em>—to either be in or be used to | 
| -generate files in the built version of your package—then you need to | 
| -put it under one of the following directories:</p> | 
| - | 
| -<ul> | 
| -  <li><code>lib</code>: Dart libraries defining the package’s public API. Visible in all | 
| -packages that use this package.</li> | 
| -  <li><code>asset</code>: Other public files. Visible in all packages that use this | 
| -package.</li> | 
| -  <li><code>web</code>: A web app’s static content plus its main Dart file (the one that | 
| -defines <code>main()</code>). Visible <em>only</em> to this package.</li> | 
| -</ul> | 
| - | 
| -<p>The following picture shows how you might structure your app’s source assets, | 
| -with your main Dart file under <code>web</code> and additional Dart files under <code>lib</code>.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<pre> | 
| -<em>app</em>/ | 
| -  lib/ | 
| -    *.dart | 
| -  packages/ | 
| -    pck/ | 
| -      lib/ | 
| -        *.dart | 
| -        *.js | 
| -      asset/ | 
| -        *.png | 
| -        *.html | 
| -        ... | 
| -  web/ | 
| -    <em>app</em>.dart | 
| -    *.html | 
| -    *.css | 
| -    *.png | 
| -    ... | 
| -</pre> | 
| - | 
| -<p>After transformation, <code>pub build</code> places generated assets under a directory | 
| -named <code>build</code>, which we’ll call the <em>build root</em>. The build root has two | 
| -special subdirectories: <code>packages</code> and <code>assets</code>. The dev server simulates this | 
| -hierarchy without generating files.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<p>The following figure shows the source assets above, plus the generated assets | 
| -produced by <code>pub build</code> if the only transformer is dart2js. In this example, | 
| -all the source files have corresponding generated files, and all the Dart | 
| -files have been compiled into a single JavaScript file.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<p><img src="/img/input-and-output-assets.png" alt="under the build directory are assets/ and packages/ directories, plus a bunch of files derived from the web/ directory: app.dart.js, *.html, *.css, *.png, ..." /></p> | 
| - | 
| -<h2 id="how-to-refer-to-assets">How to refer to assets</h2> | 
| - | 
| -<p>Here’s how source asset locations correlate to generated asset locations, | 
| -for untransformed files:</p> | 
| - | 
| -<table> | 
| -  <tr> | 
| -    <th> Source asset location </th> | 
| -    <th> Generated asset location<br />(under the build root) </th> | 
| -  </tr> | 
| -  <tr> | 
| -    <td> <code>.../<em><your_pkg></em>/web/<em><path></em></code> </td> | 
| -    <td> <code>/<em><path></em></code> </td> | 
| -  </tr> | 
| -  <tr> | 
| -    <td> <code>.../<em><pkg_name></em>/asset/<em><path></em></code> </td> | 
| -    <td> <code>/assets/<em><pkg_name></em>/<em><path></em></code> </td> | 
| -  </tr> | 
| -  <tr> | 
| -    <td> <code>.../<em><pkg_name></em>/lib/<em><path></em></code> </td> | 
| -    <td> <code>/packages/<em><pkg_name></em>/<em><path></em></code> </td> | 
| -  </tr> | 
| -</table> | 
| - | 
| -<p>For example, consider a helloworld app’s HTML file, which is in the | 
| -helloworld directory at <code>web/helloworld.html</code>. Running <code>pub build</code> produces a | 
| -copy at <code>build/helloworld.html</code>. In the dev server, you can get the HTML file | 
| -contents by using the URL <code>http://localhost:8080/helloworld.html</code>.</p> | 
| - | 
| -<p>Transformers might change any part of <em><path></em>, especially the | 
| -filename, but they can’t change the directory structure above | 
| -<em><path></em>.</p> | 
| - | 
|  |