Index: third_party/gsutil/gslib/addlhelp/wildcards.py |
diff --git a/third_party/gsutil/gslib/addlhelp/wildcards.py b/third_party/gsutil/gslib/addlhelp/wildcards.py |
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+# Copyright 2012 Google Inc. All Rights Reserved. |
+# |
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); |
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License. |
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at |
+# |
+# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 |
+# |
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software |
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, |
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. |
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and |
+# limitations under the License. |
+ |
+from gslib.help_provider import HELP_NAME |
+from gslib.help_provider import HELP_NAME_ALIASES |
+from gslib.help_provider import HELP_ONE_LINE_SUMMARY |
+from gslib.help_provider import HelpProvider |
+from gslib.help_provider import HELP_TEXT |
+from gslib.help_provider import HelpType |
+from gslib.help_provider import HELP_TYPE |
+ |
+_detailed_help_text = (""" |
+<B>DESCRIPTION</B> |
+ gsutil supports URI wildcards. For example, the command: |
+ |
+ gsutil cp gs://bucket/data/abc* . |
+ |
+ will copy all objects that start with gs://bucket/data/abc followed by any |
+ number of characters within that subdirectory. |
+ |
+ |
+<B>DIRECTORY BY DIRECTORY VS RECURSIVE WILDCARDS</B> |
+ The "*" wildcard only matches up to the end of a path within |
+ a subdirectory. For example, if bucket contains objects |
+ named gs://bucket/data/abcd, gs://bucket/data/abcdef, |
+ and gs://bucket/data/abcxyx, as well as an object in a sub-directory |
+ (gs://bucket/data/abc/def) the above gsutil cp command would match the |
+ first 3 object names but not the last one. |
+ |
+ If you want matches to span directory boundaries, use a '**' wildcard: |
+ |
+ gsutil cp gs://bucket/data/abc** . |
+ |
+ will match all four objects above. |
+ |
+ Note that gsutil supports the same wildcards for both objects and file names. |
+ Thus, for example: |
+ |
+ gsutil cp data/abc* gs://bucket |
+ |
+ will match all names in the local file system. Most command shells also |
+ support wildcarding, so if you run the above command probably your shell |
+ is expanding the matches before running gsutil. However, most shells do not |
+ support recursive wildcards ('**'), and you can cause gsutil's wildcarding |
+ support to work for such shells by single-quoting the arguments so they |
+ don't get interpreted by the shell before being passed to gsutil: |
+ |
+ gsutil cp 'data/abc**' gs://bucket |
+ |
+ |
+<B>BUCKET WILDCARDS</B> |
+ You can specify wildcards for bucket names. For example: |
+ |
+ gsutil ls gs://data*.example.com |
+ |
+ will list the contents of all buckets whose name starts with "data" and |
+ ends with ".example.com". |
+ |
+ You can also combine bucket and object name wildcards. For example this |
+ command will remove all ".txt" files in any of your Google Cloud Storage |
+ buckets: |
+ |
+ gsutil rm gs://*/**.txt |
+ |
+ |
+<B>OTHER WILDCARD CHARACTERS</B> |
+ In addition to '*', you can use these wildcards: |
+ |
+ ? Matches a single character. For example "gs://bucket/??.txt" |
+ only matches objects with two characters followed by .txt. |
+ |
+ [chars] Match any of the specified characters. For example |
+ "gs://bucket/[aeiou].txt" matches objects that contain a single vowel |
+ character followed by .txt |
+ |
+ [char range] Match any of the range of characters. For example |
+ "gs://bucket/[a-m].txt" matches objects that contain letters |
+ a, b, c, ... or m, and end with .txt. |
+ |
+ You can combine wildcards to provide more powerful matches, for example: |
+ gs://bucket/[a-m]??.j*g |
+ |
+ |
+<B>EFFICIENCY CONSIDERATION: USING WILDCARDS OVER MANY OBJECTS</B> |
+ It is more efficient, faster, and less network traffic-intensive |
+ to use wildcards that have a non-wildcard object-name prefix, like: |
+ |
+ gs://bucket/abc*.txt |
+ |
+ than it is to use wildcards as the first part of the object name, like: |
+ |
+ gs://bucket/*abc.txt |
+ |
+ This is because the request for "gs://bucket/abc*.txt" asks the server |
+ to send back the subset of results whose object names start with "abc", |
+ and then gsutil filters the result list for objects whose name ends with |
+ ".txt". In contrast, "gs://bucket/*abc.txt" asks the server for the complete |
+ list of objects in the bucket and then filters for those objects whose name |
+ ends with "abc.txt". This efficiency consideration becomes increasingly |
+ noticeable when you use buckets containing thousands or more objects. It is |
+ sometimes possible to set up the names of your objects to fit with expected |
+ wildcard matching patterns, to take advantage of the efficiency of doing |
+ server-side prefix requests. See, for example "gsutil help prod" for a |
+ concrete use case example. |
+ |
+ |
+<B>EFFICIENCY CONSIDERATION: USING MID-PATH WILDCARDS</B> |
+ Suppose you have a bucket with these objects: |
+ gs://bucket/obj1 |
+ gs://bucket/obj2 |
+ gs://bucket/obj3 |
+ gs://bucket/obj4 |
+ gs://bucket/dir1/obj5 |
+ gs://bucket/dir2/obj6 |
+ |
+ If you run the command: |
+ gsutil ls gs://bucket/*/obj5 |
+ gsutil will perform a /-delimited top-level bucket listing and then one bucket |
+ listing for each subdirectory, for a total of 3 bucket listings: |
+ GET /bucket/?delimiter=/ |
+ GET /bucket/?prefix=dir1/obj5&delimiter=/ |
+ GET /bucket/?prefix=dir2/obj5&delimiter=/ |
+ |
+ The more bucket listings your wildcard requires, the slower and more expensive |
+ it will be. The number of bucket listings required grows as: |
+ - the number of wildcard components (e.g., "gs://bucket/a??b/c*/*/d" |
+ has 3 wildcard components); |
+ - the number of subdirectories that match each component; and |
+ - the number of results (pagination is implemented using one GET |
+ request per 1000 results, specifying markers for each). |
+ |
+ If you want to use a mid-path wildcard, you might try instead using a |
+ recursive wildcard, for example: |
+ |
+ gsutil ls gs://bucket/**/obj5 |
+ |
+ This will match more objects than gs://bucket/*/obj5 (since it spans |
+ directories), but is implemented using a delimiter-less bucket listing |
+ request (which means fewer bucket requests, though it will list the entire |
+ bucket and filter locally, so that could require a non-trivial amount of |
+ network traffic). |
+""") |
+ |
+ |
+class CommandOptions(HelpProvider): |
+ """Additional help about wildcards.""" |
+ |
+ help_spec = { |
+ # Name of command or auxiliary help info for which this help applies. |
+ HELP_NAME : 'wildcards', |
+ # List of help name aliases. |
+ HELP_NAME_ALIASES : ['wildcard', '*', '**'], |
+ # Type of help: |
+ HELP_TYPE : HelpType.ADDITIONAL_HELP, |
+ # One line summary of this help. |
+ HELP_ONE_LINE_SUMMARY : 'Wildcard support', |
+ # The full help text. |
+ HELP_TEXT : _detailed_help_text, |
+ } |