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1 // Copyright 2009 the V8 project authors. All rights reserved. | |
2 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without | |
3 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are | |
4 // met: | |
5 // | |
6 // * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright | |
7 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. | |
8 // * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above | |
9 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following | |
10 // disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided | |
11 // with the distribution. | |
12 // * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its | |
13 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived | |
14 // from this software without specific prior written permission. | |
15 // | |
16 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS | |
17 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT | |
18 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR | |
19 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT | |
20 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, | |
21 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT | |
22 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, | |
23 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY | |
24 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT | |
25 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE | |
26 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. | |
27 | |
28 // This benchmark is based on a JavaScript log processing module used | |
29 // by the V8 profiler to generate execution time profiles for runs of | |
30 // JavaScript applications, and it effectively measures how fast the | |
31 // JavaScript engine is at allocating nodes and reclaiming the memory | |
32 // used for old nodes. Because of the way splay trees work, the engine | |
33 // also has to deal with a lot of changes to the large tree object | |
34 // graph. | |
35 | |
36 var Splay = new BenchmarkSuite('Splay', 81491, [ | |
37 new Benchmark("Splay", SplayRun, SplaySetup, SplayTearDown) | |
38 ]); | |
39 | |
40 | |
41 // Configuration. | |
42 var kSplayTreeSize = 8000; | |
43 var kSplayTreeModifications = 80; | |
44 var kSplayTreePayloadDepth = 5; | |
45 | |
46 var splayTree = null; | |
47 | |
48 | |
49 function GeneratePayloadTree(depth, tag) { | |
50 if (depth == 0) { | |
51 return { | |
52 array : [ 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ], | |
53 string : 'String for key ' + tag + ' in leaf node' | |
54 }; | |
55 } else { | |
56 return { | |
57 left: GeneratePayloadTree(depth - 1, tag), | |
58 right: GeneratePayloadTree(depth - 1, tag) | |
59 }; | |
60 } | |
61 } | |
62 | |
63 | |
64 function GenerateKey() { | |
65 // The benchmark framework guarantees that Math.random is | |
66 // deterministic; see base.js. | |
67 return Math.random(); | |
68 } | |
69 | |
70 | |
71 function InsertNewNode() { | |
72 // Insert new node with a unique key. | |
73 var key; | |
74 do { | |
75 key = GenerateKey(); | |
76 } while (splayTree.find(key) != null); | |
77 var payload = GeneratePayloadTree(kSplayTreePayloadDepth, String(key)); | |
78 splayTree.insert(key, payload); | |
79 return key; | |
80 } | |
81 | |
82 | |
83 | |
84 function SplaySetup() { | |
85 splayTree = new SplayTree(); | |
86 for (var i = 0; i < kSplayTreeSize; i++) InsertNewNode(); | |
87 } | |
88 | |
89 | |
90 function SplayTearDown() { | |
91 // Allow the garbage collector to reclaim the memory | |
92 // used by the splay tree no matter how we exit the | |
93 // tear down function. | |
94 var keys = splayTree.exportKeys(); | |
95 splayTree = null; | |
96 | |
97 // Verify that the splay tree has the right size. | |
98 var length = keys.length; | |
99 if (length != kSplayTreeSize) { | |
100 throw new Error("Splay tree has wrong size"); | |
101 } | |
102 | |
103 // Verify that the splay tree has sorted, unique keys. | |
104 for (var i = 0; i < length - 1; i++) { | |
105 if (keys[i] >= keys[i + 1]) { | |
106 throw new Error("Splay tree not sorted"); | |
107 } | |
108 } | |
109 } | |
110 | |
111 | |
112 function SplayRun() { | |
113 // Replace a few nodes in the splay tree. | |
114 for (var i = 0; i < kSplayTreeModifications; i++) { | |
115 var key = InsertNewNode(); | |
116 var greatest = splayTree.findGreatestLessThan(key); | |
117 if (greatest == null) splayTree.remove(key); | |
118 else splayTree.remove(greatest.key); | |
119 } | |
120 } | |
121 | |
122 | |
123 /** | |
124 * Constructs a Splay tree. A splay tree is a self-balancing binary | |
125 * search tree with the additional property that recently accessed | |
126 * elements are quick to access again. It performs basic operations | |
127 * such as insertion, look-up and removal in O(log(n)) amortized time. | |
128 * | |
129 * @constructor | |
130 */ | |
131 function SplayTree() { | |
132 }; | |
133 | |
134 | |
135 /** | |
136 * Pointer to the root node of the tree. | |
137 * | |
138 * @type {SplayTree.Node} | |
139 * @private | |
140 */ | |
141 SplayTree.prototype.root_ = null; | |
142 | |
143 | |
144 /** | |
145 * @return {boolean} Whether the tree is empty. | |
146 */ | |
147 SplayTree.prototype.isEmpty = function() { | |
148 return !this.root_; | |
149 }; | |
150 | |
151 | |
152 /** | |
153 * Inserts a node into the tree with the specified key and value if | |
154 * the tree does not already contain a node with the specified key. If | |
155 * the value is inserted, it becomes the root of the tree. | |
156 * | |
157 * @param {number} key Key to insert into the tree. | |
158 * @param {*} value Value to insert into the tree. | |
159 */ | |
160 SplayTree.prototype.insert = function(key, value) { | |
161 if (this.isEmpty()) { | |
162 this.root_ = new SplayTree.Node(key, value); | |
163 return; | |
164 } | |
165 // Splay on the key to move the last node on the search path for | |
166 // the key to the root of the tree. | |
167 this.splay_(key); | |
168 if (this.root_.key == key) { | |
169 return; | |
170 } | |
171 var node = new SplayTree.Node(key, value); | |
172 if (key > this.root_.key) { | |
173 node.left = this.root_; | |
174 node.right = this.root_.right; | |
175 this.root_.right = null; | |
176 } else { | |
177 node.right = this.root_; | |
178 node.left = this.root_.left; | |
179 this.root_.left = null; | |
180 } | |
181 this.root_ = node; | |
182 }; | |
183 | |
184 | |
185 /** | |
186 * Removes a node with the specified key from the tree if the tree | |
187 * contains a node with this key. The removed node is returned. If the | |
188 * key is not found, an exception is thrown. | |
189 * | |
190 * @param {number} key Key to find and remove from the tree. | |
191 * @return {SplayTree.Node} The removed node. | |
192 */ | |
193 SplayTree.prototype.remove = function(key) { | |
194 if (this.isEmpty()) { | |
195 throw Error('Key not found: ' + key); | |
196 } | |
197 this.splay_(key); | |
198 if (this.root_.key != key) { | |
199 throw Error('Key not found: ' + key); | |
200 } | |
201 var removed = this.root_; | |
202 if (!this.root_.left) { | |
203 this.root_ = this.root_.right; | |
204 } else { | |
205 var right = this.root_.right; | |
206 this.root_ = this.root_.left; | |
207 // Splay to make sure that the new root has an empty right child. | |
208 this.splay_(key); | |
209 // Insert the original right child as the right child of the new | |
210 // root. | |
211 this.root_.right = right; | |
212 } | |
213 return removed; | |
214 }; | |
215 | |
216 | |
217 /** | |
218 * Returns the node having the specified key or null if the tree doesn't contain | |
219 * a node with the specified key. | |
220 * | |
221 * @param {number} key Key to find in the tree. | |
222 * @return {SplayTree.Node} Node having the specified key. | |
223 */ | |
224 SplayTree.prototype.find = function(key) { | |
225 if (this.isEmpty()) { | |
226 return null; | |
227 } | |
228 this.splay_(key); | |
229 return this.root_.key == key ? this.root_ : null; | |
230 }; | |
231 | |
232 | |
233 /** | |
234 * @return {SplayTree.Node} Node having the maximum key value. | |
235 */ | |
236 SplayTree.prototype.findMax = function(opt_startNode) { | |
237 if (this.isEmpty()) { | |
238 return null; | |
239 } | |
240 var current = opt_startNode || this.root_; | |
241 while (current.right) { | |
242 current = current.right; | |
243 } | |
244 return current; | |
245 }; | |
246 | |
247 | |
248 /** | |
249 * @return {SplayTree.Node} Node having the maximum key value that | |
250 * is less than the specified key value. | |
251 */ | |
252 SplayTree.prototype.findGreatestLessThan = function(key) { | |
253 if (this.isEmpty()) { | |
254 return null; | |
255 } | |
256 // Splay on the key to move the node with the given key or the last | |
257 // node on the search path to the top of the tree. | |
258 this.splay_(key); | |
259 // Now the result is either the root node or the greatest node in | |
260 // the left subtree. | |
261 if (this.root_.key < key) { | |
262 return this.root_; | |
263 } else if (this.root_.left) { | |
264 return this.findMax(this.root_.left); | |
265 } else { | |
266 return null; | |
267 } | |
268 }; | |
269 | |
270 | |
271 /** | |
272 * @return {Array<*>} An array containing all the keys of tree's nodes. | |
273 */ | |
274 SplayTree.prototype.exportKeys = function() { | |
275 var result = []; | |
276 if (!this.isEmpty()) { | |
277 this.root_.traverse_(function(node) { result.push(node.key); }); | |
278 } | |
279 return result; | |
280 }; | |
281 | |
282 | |
283 /** | |
284 * Perform the splay operation for the given key. Moves the node with | |
285 * the given key to the top of the tree. If no node has the given | |
286 * key, the last node on the search path is moved to the top of the | |
287 * tree. This is the simplified top-down splaying algorithm from: | |
288 * "Self-adjusting Binary Search Trees" by Sleator and Tarjan | |
289 * | |
290 * @param {number} key Key to splay the tree on. | |
291 * @private | |
292 */ | |
293 SplayTree.prototype.splay_ = function(key) { | |
294 if (this.isEmpty()) { | |
295 return; | |
296 } | |
297 // Create a dummy node. The use of the dummy node is a bit | |
298 // counter-intuitive: The right child of the dummy node will hold | |
299 // the L tree of the algorithm. The left child of the dummy node | |
300 // will hold the R tree of the algorithm. Using a dummy node, left | |
301 // and right will always be nodes and we avoid special cases. | |
302 var dummy, left, right; | |
303 dummy = left = right = new SplayTree.Node(null, null); | |
304 var current = this.root_; | |
305 while (true) { | |
306 if (key < current.key) { | |
307 if (!current.left) { | |
308 break; | |
309 } | |
310 if (key < current.left.key) { | |
311 // Rotate right. | |
312 var tmp = current.left; | |
313 current.left = tmp.right; | |
314 tmp.right = current; | |
315 current = tmp; | |
316 if (!current.left) { | |
317 break; | |
318 } | |
319 } | |
320 // Link right. | |
321 right.left = current; | |
322 right = current; | |
323 current = current.left; | |
324 } else if (key > current.key) { | |
325 if (!current.right) { | |
326 break; | |
327 } | |
328 if (key > current.right.key) { | |
329 // Rotate left. | |
330 var tmp = current.right; | |
331 current.right = tmp.left; | |
332 tmp.left = current; | |
333 current = tmp; | |
334 if (!current.right) { | |
335 break; | |
336 } | |
337 } | |
338 // Link left. | |
339 left.right = current; | |
340 left = current; | |
341 current = current.right; | |
342 } else { | |
343 break; | |
344 } | |
345 } | |
346 // Assemble. | |
347 left.right = current.left; | |
348 right.left = current.right; | |
349 current.left = dummy.right; | |
350 current.right = dummy.left; | |
351 this.root_ = current; | |
352 }; | |
353 | |
354 | |
355 /** | |
356 * Constructs a Splay tree node. | |
357 * | |
358 * @param {number} key Key. | |
359 * @param {*} value Value. | |
360 */ | |
361 SplayTree.Node = function(key, value) { | |
362 this.key = key; | |
363 this.value = value; | |
364 }; | |
365 | |
366 | |
367 /** | |
368 * @type {SplayTree.Node} | |
369 */ | |
370 SplayTree.Node.prototype.left = null; | |
371 | |
372 | |
373 /** | |
374 * @type {SplayTree.Node} | |
375 */ | |
376 SplayTree.Node.prototype.right = null; | |
377 | |
378 | |
379 /** | |
380 * Performs an ordered traversal of the subtree starting at | |
381 * this SplayTree.Node. | |
382 * | |
383 * @param {function(SplayTree.Node)} f Visitor function. | |
384 * @private | |
385 */ | |
386 SplayTree.Node.prototype.traverse_ = function(f) { | |
387 var current = this; | |
388 while (current) { | |
389 var left = current.left; | |
390 if (left) left.traverse_(f); | |
391 f(current); | |
392 current = current.right; | |
393 } | |
394 }; | |
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