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| 1 @c The GNU Free Documentation License. |
| 2 @center Version 1.2, November 2002 |
| 3 |
| 4 @c This file is intended to be included within another document, |
| 5 @c hence no sectioning command or @node. |
| 6 |
| 7 @display |
| 8 Copyright @copyright{} 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc. |
| 9 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA |
| 10 |
| 11 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
| 12 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. |
| 13 @end display |
| 14 |
| 15 @enumerate 0 |
| 16 @item |
| 17 PREAMBLE |
| 18 |
| 19 The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other |
| 20 functional and useful document @dfn{free} in the sense of freedom: to |
| 21 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, |
| 22 with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
| 23 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
| 24 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible |
| 25 for modifications made by others. |
| 26 |
| 27 This License is a kind of ``copyleft'', which means that derivative |
| 28 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
| 29 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft |
| 30 license designed for free software. |
| 31 |
| 32 We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free |
| 33 software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
| 34 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
| 35 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; |
| 36 it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
| 37 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
| 38 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference. |
| 39 |
| 40 @item |
| 41 APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS |
| 42 |
| 43 This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that |
| 44 contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be |
| 45 distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a |
| 46 world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that |
| 47 work under the conditions stated herein. The ``Document'', below, |
| 48 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a |
| 49 licensee, and is addressed as ``you''. You accept the license if you |
| 50 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission |
| 51 under copyright law. |
| 52 |
| 53 A ``Modified Version'' of the Document means any work containing the |
| 54 Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with |
| 55 modifications and/or translated into another language. |
| 56 |
| 57 A ``Secondary Section'' is a named appendix or a front-matter section |
| 58 of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the |
| 59 publishers or authors of the Document to the Document's overall |
| 60 subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall |
| 61 directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in |
| 62 part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain |
| 63 any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical |
| 64 connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal, |
| 65 commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding |
| 66 them. |
| 67 |
| 68 The ``Invariant Sections'' are certain Secondary Sections whose titles |
| 69 are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice |
| 70 that says that the Document is released under this License. If a |
| 71 section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not |
| 72 allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero |
| 73 Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant |
| 74 Sections then there are none. |
| 75 |
| 76 The ``Cover Texts'' are certain short passages of text that are listed, |
| 77 as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that |
| 78 the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may |
| 79 be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words. |
| 80 |
| 81 A ``Transparent'' copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy, |
| 82 represented in a format whose specification is available to the |
| 83 general public, that is suitable for revising the document |
| 84 straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of |
| 85 pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available |
| 86 drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or |
| 87 for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input |
| 88 to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file |
| 89 format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart |
| 90 or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent. |
| 91 An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial amount |
| 92 of text. A copy that is not ``Transparent'' is called ``Opaque''. |
| 93 |
| 94 Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
| 95 @sc{ascii} without markup, Texinfo input format, La@TeX{} input |
| 96 format, @acronym{SGML} or @acronym{XML} using a publicly available |
| 97 @acronym{DTD}, and standard-conforming simple @acronym{HTML}, |
| 98 PostScript or @acronym{PDF} designed for human modification. Examples |
| 99 of transparent image formats include @acronym{PNG}, @acronym{XCF} and |
| 100 @acronym{JPG}. Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be |
| 101 read and edited only by proprietary word processors, @acronym{SGML} or |
| 102 @acronym{XML} for which the @acronym{DTD} and/or processing tools are |
| 103 not generally available, and the machine-generated @acronym{HTML}, |
| 104 PostScript or @acronym{PDF} produced by some word processors for |
| 105 output purposes only. |
| 106 |
| 107 The ``Title Page'' means, for a printed book, the title page itself, |
| 108 plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the material |
| 109 this License requires to appear in the title page. For works in |
| 110 formats which do not have any title page as such, ``Title Page'' means |
| 111 the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's title, |
| 112 preceding the beginning of the body of the text. |
| 113 |
| 114 A section ``Entitled XYZ'' means a named subunit of the Document whose |
| 115 title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following |
| 116 text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for a |
| 117 specific section name mentioned below, such as ``Acknowledgements'', |
| 118 ``Dedications'', ``Endorsements'', or ``History''.) To ``Preserve the Title'' |
| 119 of such a section when you modify the Document means that it remains a |
| 120 section ``Entitled XYZ'' according to this definition. |
| 121 |
| 122 The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice which |
| 123 states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty |
| 124 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this |
| 125 License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other |
| 126 implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has |
| 127 no effect on the meaning of this License. |
| 128 |
| 129 @item |
| 130 VERBATIM COPYING |
| 131 |
| 132 You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
| 133 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
| 134 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies |
| 135 to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
| 136 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
| 137 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further |
| 138 copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
| 139 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
| 140 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
| 141 |
| 142 You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and |
| 143 you may publicly display copies. |
| 144 |
| 145 @item |
| 146 COPYING IN QUANTITY |
| 147 |
| 148 If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have |
| 149 printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the |
| 150 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the |
| 151 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover |
| 152 Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on |
| 153 the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify |
| 154 you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present |
| 155 the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and |
| 156 visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition. |
| 157 Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve |
| 158 the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be treated |
| 159 as verbatim copying in other respects. |
| 160 |
| 161 If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
| 162 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
| 163 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
| 164 pages. |
| 165 |
| 166 If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering |
| 167 more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent |
| 168 copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque copy |
| 169 a computer-network location from which the general network-using |
| 170 public has access to download using public-standard network protocols |
| 171 a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material. |
| 172 If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps, |
| 173 when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure |
| 174 that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated |
| 175 location until at least one year after the last time you distribute an |
| 176 Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that |
| 177 edition to the public. |
| 178 |
| 179 It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of the |
| 180 Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to give |
| 181 them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the Document. |
| 182 |
| 183 @item |
| 184 MODIFICATIONS |
| 185 |
| 186 You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under |
| 187 the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release |
| 188 the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified |
| 189 Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution |
| 190 and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy |
| 191 of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version: |
| 192 |
| 193 @enumerate A |
| 194 @item |
| 195 Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct |
| 196 from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions |
| 197 (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section |
| 198 of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version |
| 199 if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
| 200 |
| 201 @item |
| 202 List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or entities |
| 203 responsible for authorship of the modifications in the Modified |
| 204 Version, together with at least five of the principal authors of the |
| 205 Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer than five), |
| 206 unless they release you from this requirement. |
| 207 |
| 208 @item |
| 209 State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the |
| 210 Modified Version, as the publisher. |
| 211 |
| 212 @item |
| 213 Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
| 214 |
| 215 @item |
| 216 Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications |
| 217 adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
| 218 |
| 219 @item |
| 220 Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice |
| 221 giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the |
| 222 terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below. |
| 223 |
| 224 @item |
| 225 Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant Sections |
| 226 and required Cover Texts given in the Document's license notice. |
| 227 |
| 228 @item |
| 229 Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
| 230 |
| 231 @item |
| 232 Preserve the section Entitled ``History'', Preserve its Title, and add |
| 233 to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors, and |
| 234 publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page. If |
| 235 there is no section Entitled ``History'' in the Document, create one |
| 236 stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the Document as |
| 237 given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the Modified |
| 238 Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
| 239 |
| 240 @item |
| 241 Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for |
| 242 public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise |
| 243 the network locations given in the Document for previous versions |
| 244 it was based on. These may be placed in the ``History'' section. |
| 245 You may omit a network location for a work that was published at |
| 246 least four years before the Document itself, or if the original |
| 247 publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
| 248 |
| 249 @item |
| 250 For any section Entitled ``Acknowledgements'' or ``Dedications'', Preserve |
| 251 the Title of the section, and preserve in the section all the |
| 252 substance and tone of each of the contributor acknowledgements and/or |
| 253 dedications given therein. |
| 254 |
| 255 @item |
| 256 Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
| 257 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers |
| 258 or the equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
| 259 |
| 260 @item |
| 261 Delete any section Entitled ``Endorsements''. Such a section |
| 262 may not be included in the Modified Version. |
| 263 |
| 264 @item |
| 265 Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled ``Endorsements'' or |
| 266 to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
| 267 |
| 268 @item |
| 269 Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
| 270 @end enumerate |
| 271 |
| 272 If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
| 273 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
| 274 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
| 275 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
| 276 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
| 277 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles. |
| 278 |
| 279 You may add a section Entitled ``Endorsements'', provided it contains |
| 280 nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
| 281 parties---for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
| 282 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
| 283 standard. |
| 284 |
| 285 You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and a |
| 286 passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the list |
| 287 of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
| 288 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or |
| 289 through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already |
| 290 includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or |
| 291 by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, |
| 292 you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit |
| 293 permission from the previous publisher that added the old one. |
| 294 |
| 295 The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License |
| 296 give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or |
| 297 imply endorsement of any Modified Version. |
| 298 |
| 299 @item |
| 300 COMBINING DOCUMENTS |
| 301 |
| 302 You may combine the Document with other documents released under this |
| 303 License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified |
| 304 versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the |
| 305 Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and |
| 306 list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its |
| 307 license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers. |
| 308 |
| 309 The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
| 310 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
| 311 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
| 312 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by |
| 313 adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original |
| 314 author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. |
| 315 Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of |
| 316 Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work. |
| 317 |
| 318 In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled ``History'' |
| 319 in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled |
| 320 ``History''; likewise combine any sections Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', |
| 321 and any sections Entitled ``Dedications''. You must delete all |
| 322 sections Entitled ``Endorsements.'' |
| 323 |
| 324 @item |
| 325 COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS |
| 326 |
| 327 You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other documents |
| 328 released under this License, and replace the individual copies of this |
| 329 License in the various documents with a single copy that is included in |
| 330 the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this License for |
| 331 verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other respects. |
| 332 |
| 333 You may extract a single document from such a collection, and distribute |
| 334 it individually under this License, provided you insert a copy of this |
| 335 License into the extracted document, and follow this License in all |
| 336 other respects regarding verbatim copying of that document. |
| 337 |
| 338 @item |
| 339 AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS |
| 340 |
| 341 A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate |
| 342 and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or |
| 343 distribution medium, is called an ``aggregate'' if the copyright |
| 344 resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights |
| 345 of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works permit. |
| 346 When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not |
| 347 apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves |
| 348 derivative works of the Document. |
| 349 |
| 350 If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
| 351 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
| 352 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on |
| 353 covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the |
| 354 electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. |
| 355 Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole |
| 356 aggregate. |
| 357 |
| 358 @item |
| 359 TRANSLATION |
| 360 |
| 361 Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
| 362 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
| 363 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
| 364 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
| 365 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
| 366 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
| 367 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
| 368 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include |
| 369 the original English version of this License and the original versions |
| 370 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between |
| 371 the translation and the original version of this License or a notice |
| 372 or disclaimer, the original version will prevail. |
| 373 |
| 374 If a section in the Document is Entitled ``Acknowledgements'', |
| 375 ``Dedications'', or ``History'', the requirement (section 4) to Preserve |
| 376 its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual |
| 377 title. |
| 378 |
| 379 @item |
| 380 TERMINATION |
| 381 |
| 382 You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document except |
| 383 as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt to |
| 384 copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will |
| 385 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
| 386 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this |
| 387 License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such |
| 388 parties remain in full compliance. |
| 389 |
| 390 @item |
| 391 FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE |
| 392 |
| 393 The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions |
| 394 of the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new |
| 395 versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may |
| 396 differ in detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
| 397 @uref{http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/}. |
| 398 |
| 399 Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number. |
| 400 If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this |
| 401 License ``or any later version'' applies to it, you have the option of |
| 402 following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or |
| 403 of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
| 404 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
| 405 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
| 406 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. |
| 407 @end enumerate |
| 408 |
| 409 @page |
| 410 @heading ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents |
| 411 |
| 412 To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of |
| 413 the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
| 414 license notices just after the title page: |
| 415 |
| 416 @smallexample |
| 417 @group |
| 418 Copyright (C) @var{year} @var{your name}. |
| 419 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
| 420 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 |
| 421 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
| 422 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover |
| 423 Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled ``GNU |
| 424 Free Documentation License''. |
| 425 @end group |
| 426 @end smallexample |
| 427 |
| 428 If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover Texts, |
| 429 replace the ``with@dots{}Texts.'' line with this: |
| 430 |
| 431 @smallexample |
| 432 @group |
| 433 with the Invariant Sections being @var{list their titles}, with |
| 434 the Front-Cover Texts being @var{list}, and with the Back-Cover Texts |
| 435 being @var{list}. |
| 436 @end group |
| 437 @end smallexample |
| 438 |
| 439 If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
| 440 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
| 441 situation. |
| 442 |
| 443 If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
| 444 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of |
| 445 free software license, such as the GNU General Public License, |
| 446 to permit their use in free software. |
| 447 |
| 448 @c Local Variables: |
| 449 @c ispell-local-pdict: "ispell-dict" |
| 450 @c End: |
| 451 |
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